HIV

Strategies for prevention of mother-to-child transmission adopted in the “real-world” setting: data from the italian register for HIV-1 infection in children.

2018

Authors: Chiappini E, Galli L, Lisi C, et al.

Published in: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018;79(1):54-61.

Background Strategies for prevention of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) have been continuously optimized. However, cases of vertical transmission continue to occur in high-income countries.

Objectives To investigate changes in PMTCT strategies adopted by Italian clinicians over time and to evaluate risk factors for transmission.

Effect of ready-to-use supplementary food on mortality in severely immunocompromised HIV-infected individuals in Africa initiating antiretroviral therapy (REALITY): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial

2018

Authors: Mallewa J, Szubert AJ, Mugyenyi P, et al.

Published in: Lancet HIV. 2018;5(5):e231-e240

Background In sub-Saharan Africa, severely immunocompromised HIV-infected individuals have a high risk of mortality during the first few months after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). We hypothesise that universally providing ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) would increase early weight gain, thereby reducing early mortality compared with current guidelines recommending ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) for severely malnourished individuals only.

Raltegravir-intensified initial antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV disease in Africa: a randomised controlled trial

2018

Authors: Kityo C, Szubert AJ, Siika A, et al.

Published in: PLoS Med. 2018; 15(12):e1002706

Background In sub-Saharan Africa, individuals infected with HIV who are severely immunocompromised have high mortality (about 10%) shortly after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). This group also has the greatest risk of morbidity and mortality associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS),

Causes and timing of mortality and morbidity among late presenters starting antiretroviral therapy in the REALITY trial

2018

Authors: Post FA, Szubert AJ, Prendergast AJ, et al; for Reduction of early mortality in HIV-infected adults and children starting an antiretroviral therapy (REALITY) trial team

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(2):S132-S139

Background In sub-Saharan Africa, 20%-25% of people starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) have severe immunosuppression; approximately 10% die within 3 months. In the Reduction of EArly mortaLITY (REALITY) randomized trial,

Late presentation with HIV in Africa: phenotypes, risk, and risk stratification in the REALITY Trial

2018

Authors: Siika A, McCabe L, Bwakura-Dangarembizi M, et al; for REALITY Trial Team

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(2):S140-S146

Background Severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals have high mortality shortly after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated predictors of early mortality and “late presenter” phenotypes.

Methods The Reduction of EArly MortaLITY (REALITY) trial enrolled ART-naive adults and children ≥5 years of age with CD4 counts <100 cells/μL initiating ART in Uganda,

Migrant women living with HIV in Europe: are they facing inequalities in the prevention of mother-to-child-transmission of HIV?: The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group in EuroCoord

2018

Authors: Favarato G, Bailey H, Burns F, et al.

Published in: Eur J Public Health. 2018;28(1):55-60

Background In pregnancy early interventions are recommended for prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. We examined whether pregnant women who live with HIV in Europe and are migrants encounter barriers in accessing HIV testing and care.
Methods Four cohorts within the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration provided data for pooled analysis of 11 795 pregnant women who delivered in 2002–12 across ten European countries.

Time to switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV in Europe and Thailand

2018

Authors: European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) Study Group in EuroCoord.

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(4):594-603.

Background Global data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with HIV is limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand.

Methods Children <18-years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) plus non-NRTI (NNRTI) or boosted-protease inhibitor (PI)) were included.

Report from the First EPIICAL General Assembly meeting, 9–11 November 2017, Rome, Italy

2018

Authors: Zangari P, Palma P, Cotugno N, et al.

Published in: J Virus Erad.2018;4: 51–54

Abstract: The first EPIICAL General Assembly meeting was held in an atmosphere of growing optimism. Many novel and exciting proposals for HIV research studies were discussed and are described above. The consortium aims to maintain this integrated developmental research on NDMTs,

Impact of time of ART initiation on HIV specific T cell functionality in perinatally infected young adults

2017

Authors: Rinaldi S, Cotugno N, Pallikkuth S, Palma P, Pahwa S; on behalf of the EPIICAL Consortium

Published: 8th Conference on HIV Persistence

Background Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in vertically HIV-infected children provides an opportunity to limit the size of reservoir, but whether and how the time of ART treatment initiation can durably impact host immune responses associated with HIV infection is still unknown.

Safety of zidovudine/lamivudine scored tablets in children with HIV infection in Europe and Thailand.

2017

Authors: European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group in EuroCoord.

Published inEur J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;73(4):463-468

Background Zidovudine (ZDV) has been associated with risk of haematological toxicity. Safety data from clinical trials is generally limited to 48 weeks. We assessed the short- and mid-term toxicity of ZDV/lamivudine (3TC) fixed-dose combination scored tablets in HIV-infected children followed in the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) network.

Qualitative study of the BREATHER trial (Short Cycle antiretroviral therapy): is it acceptable to young people living with HIV?

2017

Authors: Bernays S, Paparini S, Seeley J, Namukwaya Kihika S, Gibb D, Rhodes T.

Published inBMJ Open. 2017;7(2):e012934

Objectives A qualitative study of the BREATHER (PENTA 16) randomised clinical trial, which compared virological control of Short Cycle Therapy (SCT) (5 days on: 2 days off) with continuous efavirenz (EFV)-based antiretroviral therapy (CT) in children and young people (aged 8–24) living with HIV with viral load <50 c/mL to examine adaptation,

“How Do We Start? And How Will They React?” Disclosing to Young People with Perinatally Acquired HIV in Uganda

2017

Authors: Namukwaya S, Paparini S, Seeley J, Bernays S.

Published in: Front Public Health. 2017;5:343.

Abstract: Despite great advances in pediatric HIV care, rates and the extent of full disclosure of HIV status to infected children remain low especially in resource-constrained setting. The World Health Organisation recommends that, by the age of 10-12 years old,

Enhanced prophylaxis plus antiretroviral therapy for advanced HIV infection in Africa

2017

Authors: Hakim J, Musiime V, Szubert AJ; REALITY Trial Team

Published in: N Engl J Med. 2017;377(3):233-245

Background In sub-Saharan Africa, among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the rate of death from infection (including tuberculosis and cryptococcus) shortly after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is approximately 10%.

Methods In this factorial open-label trial conducted in Uganda,

Lowered Rilpivirine Exposure During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Women

2017

Authors: Schalkwijk S, Colbers A, Konopnicki D, et al.

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2017; 65(8):1335-1341.

Background The use of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy is important for control of maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission. Physiological changes during pregnancy can reduce antiretroviral exposure.

Higher rates of triple class virologic failure in perinatally HIV-infected teenagers compared to heterosexually infected young adults in Europe

2017

Authors: Judd A, Lodwick R, Noguera-Julian A, et al.. Pursuing Later Treatment Options II (PLATO II) Project Team for the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) in EuroCoord.

Published in: HIV Med. 2017;18(3):171-180

Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the time to, and risk factors for,

Factors associated with time to virological response in children with perinatal HIV in Europe and Thailand initiating antiretroviral theraphy (ART) very early in infancy

2017

Authors: Palma P, Chan M, Goodall R, Judd A, Gibb D, Babiker A, Rojo P.

Published: 35th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID), May 23rd-27th May, 2017, Madrid

Background A major obstacle to curing HIV infection is persistence of virus as integrated proviral DNA in long-lived cells even after many years on ART.

B-cell responses in early treated long term viral suppressed seroneg HIV infected children

2017

Authors: Palma P, Zangari P, Cotugno N, Rocca S, Nastouli E, McCoy LE, Ferns RB, Pahwa S, Rossi P

Published: 24th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 13th – 16th, 2017, Seattle. P_1975.

Background It is still unknown whether the paucity of HIV-specific immune responses in early-treated (treated within 6 months of age; ET) HIV-infected children may represent a limitation or an advantage in the perspective of immune therapeutic studies.

Substantially lower rilpivirine plasma concentrations during pregnancy

2017

Authors: Colbers A, Schalkwijk S, Konopnicki D, Gingelmaier A, Lambert J, van der Ende I, Moltó J, Burger D.

Published: 24th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 13th – 16th, 2017 – Seattle. Abstract number 754.

“Not Taking it Will Just be Like a Sin”: Young People Living with HIV and the Stigmatization of Less-Than-Perfect Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy

2017

Authors: Bernays S, Paparini S, Seeley J, Rhodes T.

Published in: Med Anthropol. 2017;36(5):485-499.

Abstract: Global health priorities are being set to address questions on adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy in adolescence. Few studies have explored young people’s perspectives on the complex host of social and relational challenges they face in dealing with their treatment in secret and their condition in silence.

Optimal timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation in HIV-positive children and adolescents – a multiregion analysis from Southern Africa, West Africa, and Europe

2017

Authors: Schomaker M, Leroy V, Wolfs T, et al. On behalf of theIeDEA West and Southern Africa regional collaborations and COHERE in EuroCoord.

Published in: Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(2):453-465.

Background: There is limited knowledge about the optimal timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation in older children and adolescents.

Methods: A total of 20 576 antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve patients,

Co-infection with HIV and HCV in 229 children and young adults living in Europe

2017

Authors: Thorne C, Turkova A, Indolfi G, Venturini E, Giaquinto C

Published in: AIDS. 2017;31(1):127-135.

Objective To characterize children, adolescents and young adults infected with HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) vertically or before age of 18 years and living in Europe regarding mode of acquisition, HCV genotype, clinical status and treatment.

Design Retrospective,

Modelling CD4 T Cell Recovery in Hepatitis C and HIV Co-infected Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

2017

Authors: Adedeji O MajekodunmiClaire ThorneRuslan MalyutaAlla VolokhaRobin E CallardNigel J KleinJoanna LewisEuropean Paediatric HIV/HCV Co-infection Study group in the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration and the Ukraine Paediatric HIV Cohort Study in EuroCoord

Published in: Pediatr Infect Dis J.

Physiologically Based Modelling of Darunavir/Ritonavir Pharmacokinetics During Pregnancy

2016

Authors: Colbers A, Best B, Schalkwijk S, et al. PANNA Network and the IMPAACT 1026 Study Team.

Published in: Clin Pharmacokinet. 2016;55(3):381-96

Abstract Pregnant women are usually excluded from clinical trials. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling may provide a method to predict pharmacokinetics in pregnant women, without the need to perform extensive in vivo clinical trials.

Prevalence of depressive symptoms in pregnant and postnatal HIV-positive women in Ukraine: a cross-sectional survey

2016

Authors: Bailey H, Malyuta R, Townsend C, Cortina Borja M, Thorne C for the Ukraine European Collaborative Study in EuroCoord.

Published in: Reprod Health. 2016;22(3):13-27.

Background Perinatal depression among HIV-positive women has negative implications for HIV-related and other maternal and infant outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the burden and correlates of perinatal depression among HIV-positive women in Ukraine,

Tuberculosis in HIV-infected children in Europe, Thailand and Brazil: paediatric TB-HIV EuroCoord study

2016

Authors: Turkova A, Chappell E, Chalermpantmetagul S, et al.

Published in: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016;20(11):1448-1456.

Setting Centres participating in the Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA), including Thailand and Brazil.

Objective To describe the incidence, presentation, treatment and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children.

Safety of darunavir and atazanavir in HIV-infected children in Europe and Thailand

2016

Authors: European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group in EuroCoord.

Published in: Antivir Ther. 2016; 21(4): 353-8

Background Surveillance for mid- and long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) toxicity in children is important for informing treatment guidelines. We assessed the safety of darunavir (DRV) and atazanavir (ATV), commonly used as second-line protease inhibitors following lopinavir/ritonavir,

Prevalence and effect of pre-treatment drug resistance on the virological response to antiretroviral treatment initiated in HIV-infected children – a EuroCoord-CHAIN-EPPICC joint project.

2016

Authors: Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Wittkop L, Judd A, et al. For EuroCoord-CHAIN-EPPICC joint project study group.

Published in: BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):654.

Background Few studies have evaluated the impact of pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) on response to combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) in children. The objective of this joint EuroCoord-CHAIN-EPPICC/PENTA project was to assess the prevalence of PDR mutations and their association with virological outcome in the first year of cART in children.

Is pregnancy a barrier to the proposed lower dose of efavirenz?

2016

Authors: Schalkwijk S, ter Heine R, Colbers A,  Huitema A, Denti P, Dooley K, Capparelli E, Best B, Cressey T, Greupink R, Russel F, Mirochnick M, Burger D.

Published: 17th edition of the International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV & Hepatitis Therapy, June 8th-10th 2016, Washington DC.  P_26

 

Timing of the postpartum curve in pharmacokinetic studies in pregnancy should not be too early

2016

Authors: Colbers A, Schalkwijk S, Konopnicki D, Hawkins D, Hidalgo Tenorio C, Moltò J, Taylor G, Weizsacker K, van der Ende M, Burger D

Published: Oral presentation at 17th edition of the International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV & Hepatitis Therapy, June 8th-10th 2016, Washington DC

 

A Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of Efavirenz During Pregnancy and Postpartum

2016

Authors: Schalkwijk S, Best B, Colbers A, SteK A, Wang  J, Hawkins D, Mirochnick M, Burger D; for the The International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) P1026s Protocol Team, and the Pharmacokinetics of Newly Developed Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-infected Pregnant Women (PANNA) Study Network

Published: 23rd Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 22nd-25th 2016, Boston

 

Etravirine Pharmacokinetics in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women

2016

Authors: Blonk MI, Colbers AP, HidalgoTenorio C, et al.

Published inFront Pharmacol. 2016 Aug 4;7:239.

Background: The study goal was to describe etravirine pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and postpartum in HIV-infected women.

Methods: IMPAACT P1026s and PANNA are on-going, non-randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multi-center phase-IV prospective studies in HIV-infected pregnant women.

Substantially lowered dolutegravir exposure in a treatment-experienced perinatally HIV-1-infected pregnant woman

2016

Authors: Schalkwijk S, Feiterna-Sperling C, Weizsacker K, et al.

Published in: AIDS. 2016; 30(12):1999-2001.

No Abstract available

BREATHER (PENTA 16) short-cycle therapy (SCT) (5 days on/2 days off) in young people with chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection: an open, randomised, parallel-group Phase II/III trial

2016

Author: Butler K, Inshaw J, Ford D, et al.

Published in:  Health Technol Assess. 2016;20(49):1-108.

Background For human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adolescents facing lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART), short-cycle therapy (SCT) with long-acting agents offers the potential for drug-free weekends, less toxicity, better adherence and cost savings.

Objectives To determine whether or not efavirenz (EFV)-based ART in short cycles of 5 days on and 2 days off is as efficacious (in maintaining virological suppression) as continuous EFV-based ART (continuous therapy;

Weekends-off efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children, adolescents, and young adults (BREATHER): a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority, phase 2/3 trial

2016

Author: The BREATHER (PENTA 16) Trial Group

Published inLancet HIV. 2016;3(9):e421-430

Background For HIV-1-infected young people facing lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART), short cycle therapy with long-acting drugs offers potential for drug-free weekends, less toxicity, and better quality-of-life. We aimed to compare short cycle therapy (5 days on, 2 days off ART) versus continuous therapy (continuous ART).

The pharmacokinetics of abacavir 600 mg once daily in HIV-1-positive pregnant women

2016

Authors: Schalkwijk S, Colbers A, Konopnicki D, et al. For PANNA network

Published inAIDS. 2016;30(8):1239-44.

Objective To describe the pharmacokinetics of abacavir 600 mg once daily (q.d.) in HIV-1-positive women during pregnancy and postpartum.

Design A nonrandomized, open-label, multicentre, phase-IV study.

Methods HIV-positive pregnant women receiving abacavir 600 mg q.d.

High prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV)- type 2 co-infection among HIVpositive women in Ukraine, but no increased HIV mother-to-child transmission risk

2016

Authors: Aebi-Popp K, Bailey H, Malyuta R, Volokha A, Thorne C. Ukraine European Collaborative Study in EuroCoord.

Published in: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;27;16:94

Background Over 3500 HIV-positive women give birth annually in Ukraine, a setting with high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections. Herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) co-infection may increase HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) risk.

Neurocognition and quality of life after reinitiating antiretroviral therapy in children randomized to planned treatment interruption

2016

Authors: Ananworanich J, Melvin D, Ramos Amador JT, et al; on behalf of the PENTA 11 study group.

Published in: AIDS. 2016;30(7):1075-81.

Objective Understanding the effects of antiretroviral treatment (ART) interruption on neurocognition and quality of life (QoL) are important for managing unplanned interruptions and planned interruptions in HIV cure research.

Design Children previously randomized to continuous (continuous ART, 

First reported use of elvitegravir and cobicistat during pregnancy

2016

Authors: Schalkwijk S, Colbers A, Konopnicki D, Greupink R, Russel FG, Burger D; PANNA network.

Published inAIDS. 2016;30(5):807-8.

Abstract not available

Children and young people with perinatal HIV in Europe: epidemiological situation in 2014 and implications for the future

2016

Authors: Writing group for the Kids to Adults Working Group and Data Management and Harmonisation Group in EuroCoord.

Published inEuro Surveill.2016;21(10): 30162

Abstract Accurate ascertainment of the number of children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important to plan paediatric and adolescent health services. In Europe, the first generation of perinatally HIV-infected survivors are transferring to adult care and their health needs are unknown.

When information does not suffice: young people living with HIV and communication about ART adherence in the clinic

2016

Authors: S. Bernays, S. Paparini, D. Gibb & J. Seeley

Published in: Vulnerable Child Youth Stud. 2016;11(1):60-68

Abstract Despite mounting evidence recommending disclosure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status to young people with perinatally acquired HIV as a central motivating factor for adherence to antiretroviral therapy, many young people continue to experience disclosure as a partial event,

Darunavir population pharmacokinetics in pregnancy

2015

Authors: Moltò J, Valle M, Colbers A, Clotet V, Burger D.

Published: 16th edition of the International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV & Hepatitis Therapy, May 26th – 28th 2015, Westin Alexandria

 

HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Second-line Treatment in Children Randomized to Switch at Low versus Higher RNA Thresholds

2015

Authors: Harrison L, Melvin A, Fiscus S, et al. For PENPACT-1 (PENTA 9PACTG 390) Study Team.

Published in: JAIDS 2015;70(1):42-53

Background The PENPACT-1 trial compared virologic thresholds to determine when to switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Using PENPACT-1 data, we aimed to describe HIV-1 drug resistance accumulation on first-line ART by virologic threshold.

Methods PENPACT-1 had a 2 × 2 factorial design,

I was like, oh my God, what happens if it doesn’t work’? Young people living with HIV, clinical trial participation and the truth economy

2015

Authors: Bernays S, Seeley J, Paparini S, Rhodes T

Published: BSA Medical Sociology Conference, York, 9-11 September 2015 (Paper ID No: W0012148)

Raltegravir in HIV-1 Infected Pregnant Women: Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy

2015

Authors: Blonk MI, Colbers AP, Hidalgo-Tenorio C, et al. Pharmacokinetics of Newly Developed Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-Infected Pregnant Women PANNA Network; PANNA Network.

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2015; 61(5):809-816. 

BackgroundThe use of raltegravir in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected pregnant women is important in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission,

Ritonavir pharmacokinetics in pregnancy

2015

Authors: Colbers A, Clotet V, Burger D.

Published: 16th edition of the International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV & Hepatitis Therapy, May 26th – 28th 2015, Westin Alexandria

 

Etravirine pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and postpartum

2015

Authors: Best B, Colbers A, Wang J, Taylor G, Stek A, van Kasteren M, Mirochnick M, Burger D.

Published: 24th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 23rd-26th 2015, Seattle. P_892

 

Maraviroc Pharmacokinetics in HIV-1-Infected Pregnant Women

2015

Authors: Colbers A, Best B, Schalkwijk S, et al. PANNA Network and the IMPAACT 1026 Study Team.

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2015; 61(10):1582-1589.

Objective To describe the pharmacokinetics of maraviroc in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected women during pregnancy and post partum.

Methods HIV-infected pregnant women receiving maraviroc as part of clinical care had intensive steady-state 12-hour pharmacokinetic profiles performed during the third trimester and ≥2 weeks after delivery.

I am scared of getting caught up in my lie’: challenges to self-reported adherence for young people living with HIV

2015

Authors:  Bernays S, Seeley J, Paparini S, Rhodes T and the ARROW and BREATHER trial teams.

Published in: accepted for presentation at AIDS Impact, Amsterdam 28-31 July, 2015 (abstract 3435)

Young people, clinical trials and ‘the HIV experience’: What can similarities across time and place tell us about growing up with HIV?

2015

Authors:  Paparini S on behalf of Bernays S, Seeley S,  Rhodes T,  Namukwaya Kihika S,Kawuma-Kigawa R, Nakyambadde H, Kabajaasi O and the BREATHER Trial Team.

Published in: 3rd International ASSHH Conference, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 6-9 July 2015.

“But it’s my story”: exploring the experience and effect of telling children how they have acquired HIV

2015

Authors:  Seeley J on behalf of the Bernays S, Paparini S, Namukwaya Kihika S,  Rhodes T and the BREATHER Trial Team.

Published in: 3rd International ASSHH Conference, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 6-9 July 2015.

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