HIV

Viral response in HIV infected infants starting ART at 1 month in Southern Mozambique

2020

Authors: Lain MG, Vaz P, Ismael N,  Cantarutti A, Porcu G, Palma P, Cotugno N, Bila D, Rinaldi S,  Pallikkuth S, Pahwa R, Taibo E, Esmeralda Karajeanes E, Giaquinto C, Pahwa S.

Published in:  27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

ushr: Understanding suppression of HIV in R

2020

Authors: Morris SE, Dziobek-Garrett L, Yates AJ and the EPIICAL consortium

Published in: BMC Bioinformatics 2020;21(1):52

Background HIV/AIDS is responsible for the deaths of one million people every year. Although mathematical modeling has provided many insights into the dynamics of HIV infection, there is still a lack of accessible tools for researchers unfamiliar with modeling techniques to apply them to their own clinical data.

Early ART-treated perinatally HIV-infected seronegative children demonstrate distinct long-term persistence of HIV-specific T and B cell memory

2020

Authors: Cotugno N, Morrocchi E, Rinaldi S, et al; EPIICAL Consortium.

Published in: AIDS. 2020 Feb 3.

Objective To investigate long-term persistence of HIV-specific lymphocyte immunity in perinatally HIV-infected children treated within the first year of life.

Design Twenty perinatally HIV-infected children who received ART therapy within the first year of life (early treated) and with stable viral control (>5 years) were grouped according to their serological response to HIV.

Impact of early antiretroviral therapy initiation on HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell function in perinatally infected children

2020

Authors: Rinaldi S, Pallikkuth S, Cameron M, et al.

Published in: J Immunol. 2020 Feb 1;204:540-549

Abstract Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in vertically HIV-infected children limits the size of the virus reservoir, but whether the time of treatment initiation (TI) can durably impact host immune responses associated with HIV infection is still unknown.

PD-1+ CD4 T cells are associated with HIV reservoir size and impaired function of T follicular helper cells in children and young adults on long-term viral control

2019

Authors: S. Rinaldi, V. Dinh, S. Pallikkuth, L. De Armas, R. Pahwa, N. Cotugno, E. Nastouli, C. Foster, P. Palma, S. Pahwa

Published in: Poster presented at 9th International Workshop on HIV Persistence during Therapy; December, 2019; Miami, FL

Background: Curative strategies for HIV will need to eliminate the replication competent latent reservoir.

Analysing small groups within clinical trials, while borrowing information from larger groups

2019

Authors: Turner B, Ford D, Moore C, Gibb D, Turkova A,  White I, and ODYSSEY trial team

Published in: Oral Presentation atInternational Society for Clinical Biostatics; July 16th 2019

Reduced time to suppression among neonates with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy within 7 days of age

2019

Authors: Domínguez-Rodríguez S, Tagarro A. Palma P, et al.

Published in: JAIDS 2019;82(5):483-490

Abstract There are limited data on infants with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the neonatal period. We investigated the association between the timing of ART initiation and time-to-suppression among infants who tested HIV-positive and initiated ART within the first 28 days of life.

Time to HIV suppression in perinatally infected infants depends on the viral load and CD4 T-cell percentage at the start of treatment

2019

Authors: Schröter J.

Published in: Poster presented at 4th Workshop on Virus Dynamics, October 21st-23rd, 2019 -Paris, FR

Detection of very low levels of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA in well suppressed adolescents (CARMA study)

2019

Authors: Gärtner K, Gkouleli T, Heaney J, et al; on behalf of the EPIICAL consortium

Published: Poster presented at HIV Cure and Reservoir Symposium, September, 16th-20th, 2019 -Ghent, BE

Pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir 5mg dispersible tablets in children weighing 6 to <20kg dosed using WHO weight bands

2019

Authors: Waalewijn H, Bollen PDJ, Moore C, Kekitiinwa A, et al. The ODYSSEY Trail Team

Published in: Oral Presentation at 10th IAS Conference, July, 21-24th 2019

The CARMA Study: Children on early suppressive ART Total HIV-1 DNA quantitation 12 years post ART initiation

2019

Authors: Foster C, Dominguez S, Tagarro A, Nastouli E, Gkouleli R, Heaney J, PalmaP, Rossi P, Giaquinto C, Rojo P

Published: 10th IAS Conference on HIV Science, July 21rd-24th 2019, Mexico City

Background Future strategies aimed at achieving antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free HIV remission are likely to target individuals with a limited size of viral reservoir.

Comparison of qPCR and dPCR methods to investigate the latent HIV reservoir in a paediatric population with long viral suppression on therapy

2019

Authors: Heaney J, Busby E, Gärtner K, Grant P, Spyer MJ, O’Sullivan DM, Gkouleli T, Marcelin AG, Pillay D, Foster C, Rojo P, Palma P, Muñoz Fernández MA, deRossi A, Huggett JF, Nastouli E

Published: International Workshop on HIV Pediatrics, July 19th-20th, 2019. P_102

Background Despite effective antiretroviral therapy(ART), HIV persists as integrated provirus generating latent viral reservoirs even in the absence of detectable plasma viremia.

Dolutegravir pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and postpartum

2019

Authors: Colbers A, Bollen P, Freriksen J, Konopnicki D, Weizsäcker K, Hidalgo Tenorio C, Moltó J, Taylor G, Alejandre I,  van Crevel R, Burger D; on behalf of the PANNA network

Published: 26th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 4th – 7th, 2019– Seattle. P_758.

 

Dolutegravir pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and postpartum

2019

Authors: Colbers A, Bollen P, Freriksen J, Konopnicki D, Weizsäcker K, Hidalgo Tenorio C, Moltó J, Taylor G, Alejandre I,  van Crevel R, Burger D.

Published: Oral presentation at 9th edition of the International Workshop on HIV & Women, March 2nd-3rd 2019, Seattle

 

Efavirenz pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and infant washout

2019

Authors: Kreitchmann R, Schalkwijk S, Best B, et al.

Published in: Antivir Ther. 2019;24(2):95-103

Background Limited data exist on efavirenz pharmacokinetics in HIV-positive pregnant women and neonatal washout.

Methods HIV-infected pregnant women receiving 600 mg efavirenz once daily had intensive steady-state 24-h pharmacokinetics profiles during the second trimester (2T),

Evaluating darunavir/ritonavir dosing regimens for HIV-positive pregnant women using semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic modelling

2019

Authors: Schalkwijk S, Ter Heine R, Colbers A, et al.

Published in: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019;30 [Epub ahead of print]

Background Darunavir 800 mg once (q24h) or 600 mg twice (q12h) daily combined with low-dose ritonavir is used to treat HIV-positive pregnant women. Decreased total darunavir exposure (17%-50%) has been reported during pregnancy,

Neonatal ART < 7 days VS 7-28 days reduced time to suppression

2019

Authors: Tagarro A, Dominguez Rodriguez S, Puthanakit T, et al.

Published: Oral presentation at 27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 4th-7th, 2019 – Seattle, WA

Abstract: Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children is associated with better clinical and virological outcome. Few data are available about long-term outcome of children starting ART in the neonatal period.

Incidence of switching to second-line antiretroviral therapy and associated factors in children with HIV: an international cohort collaboration

2019

Authors: Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER) Global Cohort Collaboration.

Published in: Lancet HIV. 2019;6(2):e105-e115.

Background Estimates of incidence of switching to second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) among children with HIV are necessary to inform the need for paediatric second-line formulations. We aimed to quantify the cumulative incidence of switching to second-line ART among children in an international cohort collaboration.

Severe haematologic toxicity is rare in high risk HIV-exposed infants receiving combination neonatal prophylaxis.

2019

Authors: European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group in EuroCoord

Published in: HIV Med. 2019;20(5):291-307

Objectives Combination neonatal prophylaxis (CNP) is recommended in high‐risk situations for the prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission, although data on its safety are limited. The aim of the study was to identify whether neonatal prophylaxis (NP) type is associated with the risk of severe anaemia or neutropaenia.

Prevalence and clinical outcomes of poor immune response despite virologically suppressive antiretroviral therapy among children and adolescents with HIV in Europe and Thailand: cohort study

2019

Authors: Collins IJ; European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group in EuroCoord

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2019; 28. pii: ciz253. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz253. [Epub ahead of print]

Background In HIV-positive adults, low CD4 cell counts despite fully suppressed HIV-1 RNA on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality.

Reactivity of routine HIV antibody tests in children with perinatally acquired HIV-1 in England: cross-sectional analysis

2019

Authors: Fidler KJ, Foster C, Lim EJ, et al.; for Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study (CHIPS) Steering Committee

Published in: Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019;38(2):146-148

Abstract We assessed HIV antibody prevalence in children with perinatally acquired HIV in England. Eighteen percent (10/55) of those starting combination antiretroviral therapy <6 months of age were seronegative at median age 9.1 years and had lower viral load at diagnosis and combination antiretroviral therapy start and fewer viral rebounds,

Accelerated aging in perinatally HIV-infected children: clinical manifestations and pathogenetic mechanisms

2019

Authors: Chiappini E, Bianconi M, Dalzini A, et al.

Published in: Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8:13

Background Premature aging and related diseases have been documented in HIV-infected adults. Data are now emerging also regarding accelerated aging process in HIV-infected children.

Methods A narrative review was performed searching studies on PubMed published in English language in 2004-2017,

Adult dolutegravir 50mg film-coated tablets in children living with HIV weighing 20 to <25 kg

2019

Authors: Bollen P, Turkova A, Mujuru H, et al. for the ODYSSEY Trial Team

Published in: 26th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 4th – 7th, 2019– Seattle. P_830

Time to viral suppression in perinatally HIV-infected infants depends on the state of HIV disease progression at start of ART

2019

Authors: Schröter J.

Published: Oral presentation at 26th International HIV Dynamics & Evolution, March 24th-27th, 2019, Cascais, PT

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor backbones and pregnancy outcomes

2019

Authors: European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) Study Group

Published in: Aids. 2019;33(2):295-304.

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether specific nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbones are associated with risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women starting antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Design Seven observational studies across eight European countries of pregnancies in HIV-positive women.

Birth Defects After Exposure to Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Therapy at Conception/First Trimester of Pregnancy A Multicohort Analysis

2019

Authors: Martinez de Tejada B; European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration Study Group.

Published in: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019;80(3):316-324

 

Background To investigate the association between efavirenz (EFV) use during conception or first trimester (T1) of pregnancy and the occurrence of birth defects.

Setting Seven observational studies of pregnant HIV-positive women across 13 European countries and Thailand.

Predictors of faster virological suppression in early treated infants with perinatal HIV from Europe and Thailand

2019

Authors: Chan MK, Goodall R, Judd A, et al.

Published in: Aids. 2019; 33(7):1155-1165

Objective To identify predictors of faster time to virological suppression among infants starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) early in infancy.

Design Cohort study of infants from Europe and Thailand included in studies participating in the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC).

Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines for treatment of paediatric HIV-1 infection 2015: optimizing health in preparation for adult life

2018

Authors: Bamford A, Turkova A, Lyall H, et al.; for PENTA Steering Committee

Published in: HIV Med. 2018;19(1):e1-e42.

Abstract The 2015 Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) guidelines provide practical recommendations on the management of HIV-1 infection in children in Europe and are an update to those published in 2009. Aims of treatment have progressed significantly over the last decade,

HIV specific B-cell memory persists in seronegative early treated children and is dominated by IgM-memory responses

2018

Authors: Cotugno N, Morrocchi E, Pepponi I, et al.

Published in:

Abstract Early initiation of ART in HIV vertically infected infants influences specific immunity by limiting Ag exposure and reducing the viral reservoir size. Currently these patients represent ideal candidates for testing immune therapeutic strategies towards HIV-remission.

The epidemiology of adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV: a cross-region global cohort analysis

2018

Authors: Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CHIPER) Global Cohort Collaboration

Published in: PLoS Med. 2018;15(3):e1002514.

Background Globally, the population of adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV (APHs) continues to expand. In this study, we pooled data from observational pediatric HIV cohorts and cohort networks, allowing comparisons of adolescents with perinatally acquired  HIV in “real-life” settings across multiple regions.

Pathways of care for HIV infected children in Beira, Mozambique: pre-post intervention study to assess impact of task shifting

2018

Authors: Marotta C, Giaquinto C, Di Gennaro F, et al.

Published in: BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):703.

Background In 2013, Mozambique implemented task-shifting (TS) from clinical officers to maternal and child nurses to improve care for HIV positive children < 5 years old. A retrospective, pre-post intervention study was designed to evaluate effectiveness of a new pathway of care in a sample of Beira District Local Health Facilities (LHFs),

Optimizing clinical trial design to maximize evidence generation in paediatric HIV

2018

Authors: Ford D, Turner R, Turkova A, et al.

Published in: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018;78(1):S40-S48.

Abstract For HIV-infected children, formulation development, pharmacokinetic (PK) data, and evaluation of early toxicity are critical for licensing new antiretroviral drugs; direct evidence of efficacy in children may not be needed if acceptable safety and PK parameters are demonstrated in children.

”Treatment is not yet necessary”: delays in seeking access to HIV treatment in Uganda and Zimbabwe

2018

Authors: Kawuma R, Seeley J, Mupambireyi Z, Cowan F, Bernays S; for REALITY Trial Team

Published in: Afr J AIDS Res. 2018;17(3):217-225

Abstract We examined the logic that individuals use to account for delaying HIV testing and/or initiating HIV treatment. Our qualitative study, situated within the REALITY trial (Reduction of EArly mortaLITY in HIV infected adults and children starting antiretroviral therapy),

Economic evaluation of weekends-off antiretroviral therapy for young people in 11 countries

2018

Authors: Tierrablanca LE, Ochalek J, Ford D, et al; for BREATHER (PENTA 16) Trial Group

Published in: Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(5):e9698

Objectives To analyze the cost effectiveness of short-cycle therapy (SCT), where patients take antiretroviral (ARV) drugs 5 consecutive days a week and have 2 days off, as an alternative to continuous ARV therapy for young people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and taking efavirenz-based first-line ARV drugs.

Weekends-off efavirenz -based antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected children, adolescents and young adults (BREATHER): extended follow-up results of a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial

2018

Authors: Turkova A, Moore CL, Butler K, et al. for BREATHER (PENTA 16) Trial Group.

Published in: PLos One. 2018;13(4):e0196239.

Background Weekends off antiretroviral therapy (ART) may help engage HIV-1-infected young people facing lifelong treatment. BREATHER showed short cycle therapy (SCT; 5 days on, 2 days off ART) was non-inferior to continuous therapy (CT) over 48 weeks.

Steady-state pharmacokinetics and early safety data in HIV-infected African children weighing 14 to <25kg on film-coated dolutegravir 25mg tablets

2018

Authors: Bollen P, Turkova A, Hilda Mujuru H, et al. The ODYSSEY Trial Team

Published in: 10th International Workshop on HIV Pediatrics, Amsterdam, 20-21st July 2018. Poster Number 22

ODYSSEY: design, current status, and baseline characteristics

2018

Authors: Moore CL,  Kekitinwa A, Kaudha E, et al; the ODYSSEY Trial Team

Published in: 10th International Workshop on HIV Pediatrics, Amsterdam, July 20-21st, 2018. Poster Number 34

“I failed to take them as I should and now I’m scared”: how can we support adolescents’ adherence on second line HIV treatment

2018

Authors: Bernays S, Namukwaya S, Mupambireyi Z, Nanduudu A, Mujuru H, Turkova A, Gibb DM, Seeley J, and the ODYSSEY Trial Team.

Published in: 10th International Workshop on HIV Pediatrics, Amsterdam, July 20-21st 2018. Poster number 117

Steady-state pharmacokinetics and early safety data in HIV-infected African children weighing ≥25kg after switching to 50mg film-coated dolutegravir tablets in the ODYSSEY trial

2018

Authors: Turkova A, Bollen P, Kaudha E, et al. The ODYSSEY Trial Team

Published in: Oral Presentation at 10th International Workshop on HIV Pediatrics, Amsterdam, July 20-21st, 2018

Time of ART initiation in perinatally HIV-infected children impacts on HIV-specific T cell functionality

2018

Authors: Rinaldi S, Cotugno N, Pallikkuth S, Pahwa R, Palma P, Pahwa S

Published in:

Abstract Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in vertically HIV-infected children provides an opportunity to limit the size of HIV reservoir. However, how the time of ART initiation impacts host HIV-specific immune responses is still poorly understood.

Time to viral rebound after stopping art in children treated from infancy in cher

2018

Authors: Violari A, Chan M, Otwombe KN, Panchia R, Jean-Philippe P, Gibb D, Cotton M, Babiker A

Published: Oral presentation at 25th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 4th – 7th, 2018 – Boston. 

Abstract We investigated factors associated with time to viral rebound in children in CHER who started ART at age <12 weeks and received 40 (ART-40W) or 96 weeks (ART-96W) of primary therapy.

Lasting immune impacts of age at start of ART in vertically HIV-infected adolescents

2018

Authors: Cameron M, Rinaldi S, Richardson B, Cotugno N, Williams S, Pallikkuth S, de Armas LR, Cameron C, Pahwa R, Palma P, Pahwa S

Published: 25th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 4th – 7th, 2018 – Boston. P_868

Abstract The study explores the impact of early ART on host immune response looking at HIV-specific CD4 T cell functionality and host transcriptome analysis.

Factors associated with HIV DNA levels in children starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) early in infancy

2018

Authors: Chan M, Tagarro A, Zangari P, Ferns B, Foster C, De Rossi A, Nastouli E, Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández M, Gibb D, Rossi P, Giaquinto C, Babiker A , Palma P, Rojo Conejo P

Published: 25th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 4th – 7th, 2018 – Boston. P_ 866

Abstract The study focused on the determinants of low viral reservoir in a large cohort of European early treated HIV-1 infected children.

First report of dolutegravir unbond plasma concentrations during pregnancy in HIV-positive women

2018

Authors: Bollen P, Colbers A, Schalkwijk S, Velthoven-Graafland K, Konopnicki D, Weizsacker K, Hidalgo Tenorio C, van Crevel R, Burger D, on behalf of the PANNA network

Published: Oral presentation at 19th edition of the International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of Antiviral Therapy, May 22nd-24th 2018, Baltimore

 

Elvitegravir pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and postpartum

2018

Authors: Colbers A, Schalkwijk S, Konopnicki D, Rockstroh  J, Burger D, on behalf of the PANNA network

Published: Oral presentation at 19th edition of the International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of Antiviral Therapy, May 22nd-24th 2018, Baltimore.

 

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – Antibody Repertoire Estimates Reservoir Size and Time of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Virally Suppressed Perinatally HIV-Infected Children

2018

Authors: Rocca S, Zangari P, Cotugno N, et al.

Published in: J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc.2018; 28. doi:10

Background Assays to estimate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir size require large amounts of blood, which represents a drawback especially in pediatric settings. We investigated whether HIV-antibody repertoire could estimate the viral reservoir size. Moreover, we assessed the magnitude of HIV-antibody response as a predictor of time of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation.

HIV specific IgM memory B-cells dominate in seronegative early-treated children

2018

Authors: Cotugno N, Morrocchi E, Pepponi I, Rocca S, Cameron M, Rinaldi S, Di Cesare S, Pallikkuth S, Bernardi S, Klein N, Ananworanich J, Rossi P, Pahwa S, Palma P

Published25th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 4th – 7th, 2018 – Boston. P_ 866

Abstract This fascinating study investigates whether HIV specific B cells persist in seronegative HIV infected seronegative patients and what are the associated gene signatures after re-encountering the virus.

Early and highly suppressive ART are main factors associated with low viral reservoir in European perinatally HIV infected children

2018

Authors: Tagarro A, Chan M, Zangari P, et al; on behalf of the EPIICAL Consortium

Published in: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018;79(2):269-276

Background Future strategies aiming to achieve HIV-1 remission are likely to target individuals with small reservoir size.

Setting We retrospectively investigated factors associated with HIV-1 DNA levels in European,

Long-term trends in mortality and AIDS-defining events after combination ART initiation among children and adolescents with perinatal HIV infection in 17 middle- and high-income countries in Europe and Thailand: A cohort study

2018

Authors: Judd A, Chappell E, Turkova A; for European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) Study Group in EuroCoord.

Published in: PLoS Med. 2018;15(1): e1002491

Background Published estimates of mortality and progression to AIDS as children with HIV approach adulthood are limited. We describe rates and risk factors for death and AIDS-defining events in children and adolescents after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in 17 middle- and high-income countries,

Global Trends in CD4 Cell Count at the Start of Antiretroviral Therapy: Collaborative Study of Treatment Programs.

2018

Authors: IeDEA and COHERE Cohort Collaborations.

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(6):893-903.

Background Early initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), at higher CD4 cell counts, prevents disease progression and reduces sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We describe the temporal trends in CD4 cell counts at the start of cART in adults from low-income,

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