Publications

Global sales of oral antibiotics formulated for children

2020

Authors: Li G, Jackson C, Bielicki J, Ellis S, Hsiac Y, Sharland M

Published in: Bulletin of the World Health Organization, July 2020

Objective To investigate international consumption patterns of child-appropriate oral formulations of antibiotics by formulation type, with a focus on dispersible tablets, using data from a global sales database.

Methods Antibiotic sales data for 2015 covering 74 countries and regional country groups were obtained from the MIDAS® pharmaceutical sales database,

The HIV-1 antibody response: a footprint of the viral reservoir in children vertically infected with HIV

2020

Authors: Palma P, McManus M, Cotugno N, Rocca S, Rossi P, Luzuriaga K

Published in: Lancet HIV. 2020;7(5):e359-e365

Abstract Several assays have been developed to measure and characterise the replication-competent HIV-1 reservoir, which constitutes the barrier to cure. To date, the application of these assays to studies in children and in limited-resource settings has been minimal,

Clinical outcomes of a Zika virus mother–child pair cohort in Spain

2020

Authors: Soriano-Arandes A, Frick MA, García López-Hortelano M, et al.

Published in: Pathogens 2020;9(5):E352

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with congenital microcephaly and other neurodevelopmental abnormalities. There is little published research on the effect of maternal ZIKV infection in a non-endemic European region. We aimed to describe the outcomes of pregnant travelers diagnosed as ZIKV-infected in Spain,

Differences in inducibility of the latent HIV reservoir in perinatal and adult infection

2020

Authors: Dhummakupt A, Rubens JH, Andeson T, et al.

Published in: JCI Insight. 2020;5(4)

Abstract The HIV latent reservoir in resting memory CD4+ T cells precludes cure. Therapeutics to reactivate and eliminate this reservoir are in clinical trials in adults, but not yet in pediatric populations. We determined, ex vivo,

A comparison of five paediatric dosing guidelines for antibiotics

2020

Authors: Mathur S, Jackson C, Urus H, Ziarko I, Goodbun M, Hsia Y, Ellis S, Sharland M.

Published in: Bulletin of the World Health Organization, April 2020

Objective To compare dosing guidance in the paediatric formularies of high-income countries and emerging economies for 32 commonly prescribed antibiotics on the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) 2017 Model List of Essential Medicines for Children.

Interim pharmacokinetic analysis of a multi-centre randomised open label phase IIb study in neonates to validate the meta-analysis population pharmacokinetic model used to simulate an optimised dosing regimen in neonates and infants aged < 90 days: the NeoVanc trial

2020

Authors: L. Hill, E. Jacqz-Aigrain, V. Elie, W. Zhao, M. Clements, M. Turner, I. Lutsar, P. Heath, E. Roilides, S. Walker, M. Sharland

Published in: 30th European Congress on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID), April 2020

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An optimised dosing regimen vs. a standard dosing regimen of vancomycin for the treatment of late onset sepsis due to Gram-positive microorganisms in infants less than 90 days: the NeoVanc trial

2020

Authors: L. Hill, M. Clements, M. Turner, I. Lutsar, E. Jacqz-Aigrain, P. Heath, E. Roilides, S. Walker, M. Sharland

Published in: 30th European Congress on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID), April 2020

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Respiratory pathogens detected in children with community-acquired sepsis-like syndrome in 6 European countries

2020

Authors: V. Matheeussen, K. Loens, K. Jacobs, P. Horby, H. Goossens, M. Kohns Vasconcelos, M. Sharland, M. De Jong, M. P. G. Koopmans, P. Fraaij, M. Ieven

Published in: 30th European Congress on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID), April 2020

Background: The management of infants admitted to hospital with sepsis-like syndrome (SLS) without apparent focus remains challenging.

Aetiology and outcome of children hospitalised for acute respiratory tract infections in Europe: findings from a multi-country combined case-control and cohort study

2020

Authors: M. Kohns Vasconcelos; on behalf of the PED-MERMAIDS Study Group

Published in: 30th European Congress on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID), April 2020

Background: Recently, major aetiology and outcome studies on paediatric acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) have been reported from LMICs. In contrast, studies using standardised protocols across Europe are lacking.

Application of WISCA (Weighted Incidence Syndromic Combination Antibiogram) to guide empiric therapy in oncological paediatric patients with febrile neutropenia

2020

Authors: E. Barbieri, D. Bottigliengo, P. Costenaro, A. Marzollo, M. Petris, M. Pierobon, G. Biddeci, C. Giaquinto, A. Biffi, D. Donà

Published in: 30th European Congress on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID), April 2020

Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is an acute potentially life-threatening oncological complication which should be treated promptly with antibiotics. With the spread of antibiotic resistance,

Antibiotic treatment for paediatric outpatients with community-acquired pneumonia: findings from 10 years of prescribing habits in Italy

2020

Authors: P. Costenaro, A. Cantarutti, E. Barbieri, A. Scamarcia, A. Oletto, P. Sacerdoti, R. Lundin, L. Cantarutti, C. Giaquinto, D. Dona’

Published in: 30th European Congress on Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID), April 2020

Background: Despite national and international efforts to promote appropriate antibiotic prescribing, Italian paediatric antimicrobial prescription rates are among the highest in Europe,

An optimised dosing regimen versus a standard dosing regimen of vancomycin for the treatment of late onset sepsis due to Gram-positive microorganisms in neonates and infants aged less than 90 days (NeoVanc): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

2020

Authors: Hill LF, Turner MA, Lutsar I, et al; NeoVanc Consortium.

Published in: Trials. 2020;21(1):329

Genomic and epidemiological surveillance of Zika virus in the Amazon region

2020

Authors: Giovanetti M, Faria NR, Lourenco J, et al.

Published in:  Cell Rep. 2020;30(7):2275-2283

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused an explosive epidemic linked to severe clinical outcomes in the Americas. As of June 2018, 4,929 ZIKV suspected infections and 46 congenital syndrome cases had been reported in Manaus,

Differences in inducibility of the latent HIV reservoir in perinatal and adult infection

2020

Authors: Dhummakupt A, Reubens JH, Anderson T, et al.

Published: Poster presented at 27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

Abstract The HIV latent reservoir in resting memory CD4+ T cells prevents cure. Novel therapies to reactivate and eliminate the reservoir are in clinical trials in adults, but not yet in pediatric populations.

Time to viral suppression in perinatally HIV-infected infants depends on the viral load and CD4 T-cell percentage at the start of treatment

2020

Authors: Schröter J, Anelone A,  Yates A, de Boer RJ;  on behalf of the EPIICAL Consortium

Published in: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2020;83(5):522-529

 

Background Interventions aiming for an HIV cure would benefit from rapid elimination of virus after the onset of antiretroviral therapy (ART), by keeping the latent HIV reservoir small.

Mothers’ adherence helps in identifying more infants in need of extended prophylaxis

2020

Authors: Dominguez-Rodriguez S, Rojo P, Lain MG,  Barnabas S, Lopez-Varela E, Otwombe K, Danaviah S, Nastouli E, Serna-Pasqual M, Gianuzzi V, Giaquointo C, Kuhn L, Tagarro A on behalf of the EPIICAL Consortium

Published in: 27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

Timing of HIV diagnosis in HIV-positive pregnant women giving birth in a high prevalence Russian region

2020

Authors: Sconza R, Plotnikova Y, Plynsky A, Rozenberg V, Thorne C

Published in: 10th International Workshop on HIV & Women, 6th – 7 th March 2020, Boston, MA

Global variations in pubertal growth in adolescents living with perinatal HIV

2020

Authors: Crichton S, Jesson J, Aké-Assi MH, Belfrage E, Davies MA, Pinto J, Teasdale C, Van Lam N, Vreeman R, Wanless S, Williams P, Yotebieng M, Leroy V, Goodall R on behalf of the CIPHER Global Cohort Collaboration

Published in: 27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

NK Cells are preserved by early ART in HIV-infected children with lower reservoir

2020

Authors: Zicari S, Doria M, Domínguez-Rodríguez S, Cotugno N, Tagarro A, Rojo P, Nastouli E, Gartner K, Klein N, Foster C, Pahwa S, De Rossi A, Giaquinto C, Rossi P,  Palma P, for the EPIICAL consortium

Published in: 27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

Poor outcome in early treated HIV perinatally infected infants in Africa

2020

Authors: Tagarro A, Domínguez-Rodríguez S, Violari A, Cotton M, Mhampossa T, Klein N, Ramsagar N, Van Rensburg AJ, Behuhuma O, Vaz P,  Oletto A, Palma P, Rossi P, Rojo P, on behalf of the EPIICAL Consortium

Published in27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

Assessment of HIV-1 DNA by single-genome sequencing in children on suppressive ART

2020

Authors: Gärtner K, Gkouleli T, Byott M, Heaney J, Spyer MJ, DeRossi A, Persaud D, Palma P, Giaquinto C, Rojo P, Foster C, Marcelin AG, Rossi P, Nastouli E, for the EPIICAL consortium

Published in27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

Cell-associated HIV-1 DNA/RNA in children: performance of real-time and digital PCR

2020

Authors: Gärtner K, Gkouleli T, Heaney J, Grant P, Dominguez-Rodriguez S, Busby E, O’Sullivan D, Spyer MJ, Foster C, Rojo P, Persaud D, DeRossi A, Huggett J, Nastouli E, for the EPIICAL consortium

Published in27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

Adeqaute dolutegravir exposure dosed BID with rifampicin in children 6 to < 18 years

2020

Authors: Waalewijn H, Mujuru HA, Amuge P, Cotton M, Bollen P, Chan M, Ali S, Variavan E, Makumbi S, Colbers A, Gibb D, Ford D, Burger D, Turkova A, and the ODYSSEY-trial team

Published in27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

Adeqaute dolutegravir exposure dosed BID with rifampicin in children 6 to < 18 years

2020

Authors: Waalewijn H, Mujuru HA, Amuge P, Cotton M, Bollen P, Chan M, Ali S, Variavan E,Makumbi S, Colbers A, Gibb D, Ford D, Burger D, Turkova A, and the ODYSSEY-trial team

Published in: Oral presentation at 27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

Abacavir dosing, effectiveness, and safety in young infants living with HIV in Europe

2020

Authors: Crichton S , Collins  IJ, Turkova A, Ene L, Galli L, Marczynska M, Navarro M, Naver L, Noguera-Julian A, Plotnikova Y, Scherpbier H, Volokha A, Voronin E, Judd A; on behalf of the European Pregnancy and Paediatric Infections Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC)

Published in: 27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

Abstract

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends abacavir as the preferred/alternative backbone for 1st line regimens in children with HIV from age 28 days.

Outcomes following prenatal exposure to dolutegravir: the Dolomite-EPPICC study

2020

Authors: Thorne C, Rasi V, Aebi-Popp K, Ene L, Floridia M, Mendoza-Palomar N, Prieto L, Ragone L, Sconza R, CGiaquinto C, Vannappagari V; for the Dolomite-EPPICC study group

Published in: Oral presentation at 27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

 

Abstract

BACKGROUND • In 2018,

Long-term non-progression in children with perinatally acquired HIV

2020

Authors: Jackson C, Bamford A, Crichton S, Goodall R,Goulder P, Klein N, Marques L, Paioni P, Riordan A, Spoulou V, Vieira VA, Collins IJ. On behalf of The European Pregnancy and Paediatric Infections Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group

Published in:  27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

Markers of HIV reservoir size in infected children on long-term viral control

2020

Authors: Rinaldi S, Pallikkuth S, de Armas L, Pahwa R, Dominguez S, Cotugno N, Rojo Conejo P, Nastouli E, Gartner K, Klein N, Foster C, De Rossi A, Carlo Giaquinto C, Rossi P, Palma P, Pahwa S and EPIICAL Consortium

Published in:  27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

Viral response in HIV infected infants starting ART at 1 month in Southern Mozambique

2020

Authors: Lain MG, Vaz P, Ismael N,  Cantarutti A, Porcu G, Palma P, Cotugno N, Bila D, Rinaldi S,  Pallikkuth S, Pahwa R, Taibo E, Esmeralda Karajeanes E, Giaquinto C, Pahwa S.

Published in:  27th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, March 8th –11th, 2020 – Boston.

ushr: Understanding suppression of HIV in R

2020

Authors: Morris SE, Dziobek-Garrett L, Yates AJ and the EPIICAL consortium

Published in: BMC Bioinformatics 2020;21(1):52

Background HIV/AIDS is responsible for the deaths of one million people every year. Although mathematical modeling has provided many insights into the dynamics of HIV infection, there is still a lack of accessible tools for researchers unfamiliar with modeling techniques to apply them to their own clinical data.

Researching Zika in pregnancy: lessons for global preparedness

2020

Authors: Ades AE, Thorne C, Soriano-Arandes A, et al.

Published in: Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Feb 18

Abstract: Our understanding of congenital infections is based on prospective studies of women infected during pregnancy. The EU has funded three consortia to study Zika virus, each including a prospective study of pregnant women.

Overview and preliminary results of the ZIKAction vertical transmission study in Jamaica

2020

Authors: Celia C.

Published in: Oral presentation at 3rd international Conference on Zika Virus and aedes related infections, February 13th – 16th, 2020– Washington DC, USA.

Trends in Dengue – The Jamaican experience

2020

Authors: Webster-Kerr K.

Published in: Oral presentation at 3rd international Conference on Zika Virus and aedes related infections, February 13th – 16th, 2020– Washington DC, USA.

Severity and outcomes of Dengue in hospitalized children from five hospitals in Jamaica during the 2018-2019 epidemic: is this due to antibody dependent immune enhancement from ZIKA virus exposure?

2020

Authors: Lue A.

Published in: Oral presentation at 3rd international Conference on Zika Virus and aedes related infections, February 13th – 16th, 2020– Washington DC, USA.

Early ART-treated perinatally HIV-infected seronegative children demonstrate distinct long-term persistence of HIV-specific T and B cell memory

2020

Authors: Cotugno N, Morrocchi E, Rinaldi S, et al; EPIICAL Consortium.

Published in: AIDS. 2020 Feb 3.

Objective To investigate long-term persistence of HIV-specific lymphocyte immunity in perinatally HIV-infected children treated within the first year of life.

Design Twenty perinatally HIV-infected children who received ART therapy within the first year of life (early treated) and with stable viral control (>5 years) were grouped according to their serological response to HIV.

Impact of early antiretroviral therapy initiation on HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell function in perinatally infected children

2020

Authors: Rinaldi S, Pallikkuth S, Cameron M, et al.

Published in: J Immunol. 2020 Feb 1;204:540-549

Abstract Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in vertically HIV-infected children limits the size of the virus reservoir, but whether the time of treatment initiation (TI) can durably impact host immune responses associated with HIV infection is still unknown.

Etiology and outcome of Candidemia in neonates and children in Europe: an 11-year multinational retrospective study

2020

Authors: Warris A, Pana ZD, Oletto A, et al. EUROCANDY study group.

Published in: Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39(2):114-120

Background Data on Candida bloodstream infections in pediatric patients in Europe are limited. We performed a retrospective multicenter European study of the epidemiology and outcome of neonatal and pediatric candidemia.

Materials and methods All first positive blood cultures from patients ≤ 18 years of age with candidemia were registered.

Return of the founder Chikungunya virus to its place of introduction into Brazil is revealed by genomic characterization of exanthematic disease cases

2020

Authors: Pereira Gusmão Maia Z, Mota Pereira F, do Carmo Said RF, et al.

Published in: Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):53-57

Abstract Between June 2017 and August 2018, several municipalities located in Bahia state (Brazil) reported a large increase in the number of patients presenting with febrile illness similar to that of arboviral infections.

Implementation and impact of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs: a systematic scoping review

2020

Authors: Donà D, Barbieri E, Daverio M, Lundin R, Giaquinto C, Zaoutis T, Sharland M

Published in: Antimicrob Resist Infect Control.2020;9:3

Background Antibiotics are the most common medicines prescribed to children in hospitals and the community, with a high proportion of potentially inappropriate use. Antibiotic misuse increases the risk of toxicity, raises healthcare costs, and selection of resistance.

PD-1+ CD4 T cells are associated with HIV reservoir size and impaired function of T follicular helper cells in children and young adults on long-term viral control

2019

Authors: S. Rinaldi, V. Dinh, S. Pallikkuth, L. De Armas, R. Pahwa, N. Cotugno, E. Nastouli, C. Foster, P. Palma, S. Pahwa

Published in: Poster presented at 9th International Workshop on HIV Persistence during Therapy; December, 2019; Miami, FL

Background: Curative strategies for HIV will need to eliminate the replication competent latent reservoir.

Standardising neonatal and pediatric anitibiotic clinical trial design and conduct: the PENTA-ID network review

2019

Authors: Folgori L, Lutsar I, Standing JF, et al.

Published in: BMJ Open. 2019; 9:e032592

Abstract: Antimicrobial development for children remains challenging due to multiple barriers to conducting randomised clinical trials (CTs). There is currently considerable heterogeneity in the design and conduct of paediatric antibiotic studies, hampering comparison and meta-analytic approaches.

Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and cranial ultrasonography in congenital Cytomegalovirus infection

2019

Authors: Blazquez-Gamero D, Soriano-Ramos M, Martinez de Aragon A, et al.

Published in: Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019;38(11):1131-1137

Modulated Zika virus NS1 conjugate offers advantages for accurate detection of Zika virus specific antibody in double antigen binding and Ig capture enzyme immunoassays

2019

Authors: Tedder RS, Dicks S, Ijaz S, et al.

Published in: PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0215708

Abstract: The accurate diagnosis and seroprevalence investigations of Zika virus (ZKV) infections remain complex due to cross reactivity with other flaviviruses. Two assay formats, both using labelled Zika virus NS1 antigen as a revealing agent (a double antigen binding assay,

Analysing small groups within clinical trials, while borrowing information from larger groups

2019

Authors: Turner B, Ford D, Moore C, Gibb D, Turkova A,  White I, and ODYSSEY trial team

Published in: Oral Presentation atInternational Society for Clinical Biostatics; July 16th 2019

Yellow Fever virus reemergence and spread in southeast Brazil, 2016-2019

2019

Authors: Giovannetti M, de Mendonca MCL, Fonseca V, et al.

Published in: J Virol. 2019;94(1). pii: e01623-19

Abstract The recent reemergence of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Brazil has raised serious concerns due to the rapid dissemination of the virus in the southeastern region. To better understand YFV genetic diversity and dynamics during the recent outbreak in southeastern Brazil,

Factors predicting the severity of dengue in patients with warning signs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1986–2012)

2019

Authors: Goncalves BS, Nogueira RMR, Bispo de Filippis AM, Horta MAP

Published in: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2019;113(11):670-677

Background Since 1981, >12 million cases of dengue have been reported in Brazil. Early prediction of severe dengue with no warning signs is crucial to avoid progression to severe dengue. Here we aimed to identify early markers of dengue severity and characterize dengue infection in patients in Rio de Janeiro.

Reduced time to suppression among neonates with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy within 7 days of age

2019

Authors: Domínguez-Rodríguez S, Tagarro A. Palma P, et al.

Published in: JAIDS 2019;82(5):483-490

Abstract There are limited data on infants with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the neonatal period. We investigated the association between the timing of ART initiation and time-to-suppression among infants who tested HIV-positive and initiated ART within the first 28 days of life.

Time to HIV suppression in perinatally infected infants depends on the viral load and CD4 T-cell percentage at the start of treatment

2019

Authors: Schröter J.

Published in: Poster presented at 4th Workshop on Virus Dynamics, October 21st-23rd, 2019 -Paris, FR

Towards understanding global patterns of antimicrobial use and resistance in neonatal sepsis: insights from the NeoAMR network

2019

Authors: Li G, Bielicki JA, Ahmed ASMNU, et al.

Published in: Arch Dis Child.2091;0:1-6

Objective To gain an understanding of the variation in available resources and clinical practices between neonatal units (NNUs) in the low-income and middleincome country (LMIC) setting to inform the design of an observational study on the burden of unit-level antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Differential susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms to vancomycin, daptomycin and linezolid between clinical Isolates from neonates and adults

2019

Authors:Simitsopoulou M, Kadiltzoglou P, Kyrpitzi D, Roilides E.

Published in: Int J Biol Med Res.2019;10(1):6591-6596

Abstract This study aimed to compare the effects of vancomycin, linezolid and daptomycin against planktonic cells and biofilms of 32 bloodstream isolates derived from neonates and adults of three hospitals. Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation was spectrophotometrically assessed following safranin staining.

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