Effect of early antiretroviral therapy on the risk of AIDS/death in HIV infected infants: the European Infant Collaborative Study.

2009

Authors: Goetghebuer T, Haelterman E, Le Chenadec J, et al. for the European infant collaboration group.

Published in: AIDS 2009;23:597-604

Objective: In the absence of treatment, rapid progression to AIDS occurs in approximately 20% of HIV-1-infected infants over the first year of life. The prognosis of these children has considerably improved with highly active antiretroviral therapy. As data from well resourced countries are lacking,

Effect of early antiretroviral therapy on the risk of AIDS/death in HIV-infected infants.

2009

Authors: Goetghebuer T, Haelterman E, Le Chenadec J, Dollfus C, Gibb D, Judd A, Green H, Galli L, Ramos JT, Giaquinto C, Warszawski J, Levy J; for the European Infant Collaboration group.

Published in: AIDS 2009 Feb

Treatment interruption in children with chronic HIV-infection: the results of the paediatric European network for treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 11 trial.

2008

Authors: Gibb DM, Compagnucci A, Green H, Lallemant M, et al.

Published in: Journal of the International AIDS Society 2008, 11(Suppl 1):O21 (10 November 2008)

Plasma drug concentrations and virologic evaluations after stopping non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in HIV-1 infected children

2008

Authors: Cressey TR, Green H, Khoo S, Treluyer J-M, Compagnucci A, Saidi Y, Lallement M, Gibb DM, Burger D.

Published in: Clin Infect Dis 2008. 15;46(10):1601-8

Background The optimum strategy for stopping treatment with drugs that have different half-lives in a combination regimen to minimize the risk of selecting drug-resistant viruses remains unknown. We evaluated drug concentrations in plasma,

A comparison of the rate of clinical disease progression in HIV-infected children and adults allowing for current CD4 cell count.

2008

Authors: Dunn DT, Woodburn P, Duong T, Phillips AN, Gibb D, Porter K on behalf of HIV Paediatric Prognostic Markers Collaborative Study (HPPMCS) and the CASCADE Collaboration.

Published in: J Infect Dis 2008, 197:398-404

Marginal zone memory B-cell populations are irreversibly depleted in paediatric HIV infection.

2008

Authors: Jacobsen MC, Thiebaut R, Fisher C, Sefe D, Clapson M, Klein NJ, Baxendale HE.

Published in: 5th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, 2- 8 February 2008, Poster A-152 /453

Markers for predicting mortality in untreated HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings: a meta-analysis

2008

Authors: Cross Continents Collaboration for Kids (3Cs4kids) Analysis and Writing Committee

Published in: AIDS. 2008 Jan 2;22(1):97-105.

Early versus deferred highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected infants: a European Collaborative Cohort Study.

2007

Authors: Goetghebuer T for the European Infant Collaborative Study.

Published in: 4th Dominique Dormont International Conference, 13-15 December, 2007

Increasing Antiretroviral Drug Access for Children With HIV Infection.

2007

Published in: American Academy of Pediatrics, 2007; 119: 838-845

Treatment interruption in children with HIV infection.

2007

Authors: Green H and Gibb DM.

Published in: Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2007; 2:62-68.

Does Early Treatment Provide Long Term Benefit in HIV-1 Infected Infants? Five Year Outcomes in Children Treated Before 3 Months of Age in the PENTA 7 Trial.

2007

Authors: Compagnucci A, Saïdi Y, Harper L, Blanche S, Gabiano C, de José Gomez I, Notheis G, Gibb DM, Giaquinto C and Faye A for the PENTA 7 committees

Published in: 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 25th-28th February 2007, Los Angeles. Poster 722 Abstract R -151

3TC+ABC maintains virological superiority over ZDV+3TC and ZDV+ABC beyond 5 years in children: the PENTA 5 trial

2007

Authors: Gibb DM, Green H, Saidi Y, et al; on behalf of PENTA 5.

Published in: AIDS.2007;21(8):947-955

Objective To describe the long-term efficacy over 5 years of regimens including combinations of abacavir, lamivudine and/or zidovudine in previously untreated children in the PENTA 5 trial.

Design PENTA 5 was a 48-week randomised controlled trial comparing three dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) combinations as part of first triple antiretroviral therapy (ART).

A comparison of the association of current CD4 cell count with the short-term risk of AIDS and death in HIV-infected children and adults.

2007

Authors: Dunn D, Woodburn P, Duong T, Phillips A, Gibb DM and Porter K on behalf of HPPMCS and CASCADE.

Published in: 14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 25th-28th February 2007, Los Angeles. Poster 700

Pharmacokinetic and virological evaluations after stopping NNRTIs in children: a substudy of the PENTA 11 (TICCH) trial

2006

Authors: Lallemant M, Burger D, Lyall H, Buck L, Compagnucci A, Ramos Amador J.T, Mellado Pena M, Fregonese F, Campbell S, Rampon O, Castelli-Gattinara G, Cressey, Khoo S, Tréluyer J.-M, Green H, Saidi Y, Nadal D, Giaquinto C, Gibb D.M on behalf of the PENTA 11 study group.

Published in: XVI International AIDS Conference, Toronto, 13-18 August 2006. Poster MOPE0206

Considerations in the design of randomized controlled trials evaluating the optimal time to initiate antiretroviral therapy in previously untreated HIV-1 infected patients.

2006

Authors: Babiker AG and Gibb DM.

Published in: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 2006; 1(6):488-494

Predictive value of absolute CD4 cell count for disease progression in untreated HIV-1-infected children

2006

Authors: HIV Paediatric Prognostic Markers Collaborative Study.

Published in: AIDS 2006; 20:1289-1294

Adherence and acceptability of once daily lamivudine and abacavir in HIV-1 infected children

2006

Authors: LeProvost M, Green H, Flynn J, et al; on behalf of the PENTA 13 study group.

Published in: Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25(6):533-7

Background Data on adherence to and acceptability of once daily lamivudine and abacavir are few.

Methods Twenty-four U.K. human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infected children 2-13 years of age participated in the Pediatric European Network for the Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 13 single arm,

A randomised controlled trial of genotypic HIV drug resistance testing in HIV-1 infected children: the PERA (PENTA 8)

2006

Authors: Aboulker J-P, Babiker A, Bacheler L, et al. On behalf of the PENTA 8 study group

Published in: Antivir Ther. 2006;11(7):857-867

Objective To evaluate the longer-term utility of genotypic resistance testing in HIV-1-infected children with virological failure.

Methods Children aged 3 months-18 years switching antiretroviral therapy (ART) with HIV-1 RNA >

Withdrawal of Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis in HIV-infected children under highly active antiretroviral therapy.

2005

Authors: Urschel S, Ramos J, Mellado M, Giaquinto C, Verweel G, Schuster T, Niehues T, Belohradsky B, Wintergerst U; the European PCP-withdrawal Study Group.

Published in: AIDS. 2005 Dec 2;19(18):2103-2108.

A randomised trial of resistance testing versus no resistance testing in children with virological failure: the PERA (PENTA 8) trial

2005

Authors: Giaquinto C, Green H, De Rossi A, et al. On behalf of the PENTA 8 study group.

Published in: 3rd IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment, 24-27 July 2005, Rio de Janerio. Oral and poster presentation WeOa0106

Abstract The development of resistance to antiretroviral drugs is considered to be an important cause of treatment failure in HIV infection.

Adherence and acceptability of once daily lamivudine and abacavir in HIV-1 infected children

2005

Authors: LeProvost M, Green H, Flynn J, et al: on behalf of the PENTA 13 study group.

Published in: 3rd IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment, 24-27 July 2005, Rio de Janerio. Poster MoPe9.2C03

Lower scores of Nelfinavir metabolite M8 were associated with virological failure vertically infected children in the PENTA 7study.

2005

Authors: Compagnucci A, Saïdi Y, Gibb DM, Rampon O, Ramos Amador JT, Feiterna Sperling C, Reliquet V, Giaquinto C, Navarro ML, Girard S, Harper L, Burger D, Treluyer JM, Aboulker JP, Jacqz-Aigrain E and Faye A on behalf of the PENTA 7 Study group.

Published in: 3rd IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment, 24-27 July 2005, Rio de Janerio. Abstract MoPe9.2C15

Use of total lymphocyte count for informing when to start antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children: a meta-analysis of longitudinal data.

2005

Authors: HIV Paediatric Prognostic Markers Collaborative Study Group.

Published in: Lancet 2005; 366: 1868-74 .

Pharmacokinetics of once versus twice daily lamivudine and abacavir. Simplification of combination treatment in HIV-1 infected children (Penta 13)

2005

Authors: Bergshoeff A, Burger D, Verweij C, et al; on behalf of the PENTA 13 study group

Published in: Antivir Ther. 2005; 10:239-246

Background There are few data on plasma and intracellular pharmacokinetics (PK) of once-daily (q24h) nucleoside analogues in HIV-infected children.

Methods Children aged 2-13 years receiving combination treatment containing lamivudine (3TC) (4 mg/kg) and/or abacavir (ABC) (8 mg/kg) twice daily (q12h) were included in this single-arm,

Relationship between changes in thymic emigrants and cell-associated HIV-1 DNA in HIV-1 infected children initiating antiretroviral therapy

2005

Authors: De Rossi A, Walker AS, De Forni D, Klein N, Dibb DM. Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA)

Published in: Antivir Ther. 2005;10(1):63-71

Objectives and Methods To investigate the relationship between cell-associated HIV-1 dynamics and recent thymic T-cell emigrants, HIV-1 DNA and T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TREC, a marker of recent thymic emigrants) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 181 samples from 33 HIV-1-infected children followed for 96 weeks after antiretroviral therapy(ART) initiation.

Choice of first-line ART regimen in PENPACT 1: a randomized trial of combination antiretroviral regimens and treatment switching strategies in antiretroviral naive children >30 days and <18 years of age.

2004

Authors: Gibb DM, Melvin A, Compagnucci A, McKinney R, Tudor-Williams G, Walker AS, Harper L, Hodge J, Powell C, Green H, Saïdi Y, Ortiz AA, Toye M, Girard S, Mofenson L, Giaquinto C, Hughes M on behalf of the PENPACT 1 Trial.

Published in: XV International AIDS Conference, 11-16 July 2004, Bangkok. Poster TuPeB4442.

Three year outcomes in children treated with HAART before 3 months of age in the PENTA 7 trial.

2004

Authors: Compagnucci A, Saïdi Y, Harper L, Navarro ML, Girard S, Walker AS, Debré M, Gibb DM, Rampon O, Lachassine E, Schmitz T, Giaquinto C, Aboulker JP, Fay

Published in: XV International AIDS Conference, 11-16 July 2004, Bangkok. Abstract B11956.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy started in infants under 3 months of age: 72-week follow-up for CD4 cell count, viral load and drug resistance outcome

2004

Authors: Aboulker JP, Babiker A, Chaix ML, et al; Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS.

Published in: AIDS. 2004.23;18(2):237-45

Objective To assess the feasibility and impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) started in vertically HIV-1-infected infants less than 3 months of age.

Methods Adverse events, plasma HIV-1 RNA,

PENTA guidelines for the use of antiretroviral therapy 2004

2004

Authors: Sharland M, Blanche S, Castelli G, Ramos J, Gibb DM for the PENTA Steering Committee.

Published in: HIV Med 2004; 5, (Suppl. 2), 61-86

72-week follow-up of HAART started in infants aged less than 3 months: CD4, viral load and drug resistance outcomes in the PENTA 7 study

2004

Authors: Writing Committee (alphabetical): Aboulker J-P, Babiker A, Chaix ML, Compagnucci A, Darbyshire JH, Debré M, Faye A, Giaquinto C, Gibb DM, Harper L, Saidi Y, Walker AS

Published in: AIDS 2004;18 (2):237-245

Objective To assess the feasibility and impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) started in vertically HIV-1-infected infants less than 3 months of age.

Maintaining the nelfinavir trough concentration above 0.8 mg/L improves virologic response in HIV-1-infected children

2004

Authors: Burger DM, Bergshoeff A, de Groot R, et al; on behalf of the PENTA 5 study group.

Published in: J Paediatr 2004;145(3):403-405

Abstract Differences in virologic response were compared in 32 HIV-infected children with a nelfinavir trough concentration either below (n=7) or above (n=25) 0.8 mg/L. Virologic response at week 48 was observed in 29% of children with subtherapeutic nelfinavir troughs versus 80% in children with therapeutic nelfinavir troughs (P=.02)

Effect of concurrent zidovudine use on the resistance pathway selected by abacavir-containing regimens

2004

Authors: Lanier ER, Givens N, Stone C, et al.

Published in: HIV Med. 2004;5(6):394-399

Objectives Abacavir (ABC) selects for four mutations (K65R, L74V, Y115F and M184V) in HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase (RT), both in vitro and during monotherapy in vivo. The aim of this analysis was to compare the selection of these and other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)‐associated mutations by ABC‐containing therapies in the presence and absence of concurrent lamivudine (3TC) and/or zidovudine (ZDV) and to assess the effect of these mutations on phenotypic susceptibility to the NRTIs.

Pharmacokinetics (PK) of once daily versus twice daily Lamivudine and Abacavir in HIV-1 infected children: PENTA 13

2004

Authors: Bergshoeff A, Burger D, Verweij C, Farrelly L, Flynn J, LeProvost M, Walker AS, Novelli V, Lyall H, Gibb DM.

Published in: 11th Conference of Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco, 8-11 February 2004. Poster 934.

Impact of NFV and its active metabolite M8 trough levels on virologic response from primary HIV-1 vertically infected children treated with d4T, ddI and NFV in the PENTA 7 study.

2003

Authors: Compagnucci A, Saidi Y, Faye A, et al.

Published in: 2nd IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment, 13-16 July Paris. Poster 1095

Short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1 infected children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy: estimates according to CD4 percent, viral load, and age.

2003

Authors: HIV Paediatric Prognostic Markers Collaborative Study Group.

Published in: Lancet 2003; 362:1605-11.

Pharmacokinetics of Nelfinavir and its Active Metabolite, hydroxy-tert-butylamide, in Infants Perinatally Infected with HIV-1.

2003

Authors: Litalien C, Faye A, Compagnucci A, Giaquinto C, Harper L, Gibb DM, Jacqz-Aigrain E for PENTA.

Published in: Pediatr Inf Dis J 2003; 22(1):48-55

Background In children younger than 2 years of age vertically infected with HIV-1, the recommended pediatric dosing regimen for nelfinavir (20 to 30 mg/kg three times a day) provides insufficient drug exposure.

Three year follow-up of the PENTA 5 trial

2003

Authors: Gibb DM, Giaquinto C, Walker AS, Harper L, Compagnucci A, Saidi Y, Moulinier C, Aboulker JP, Babiker AG, Debré M, Darbyshire JH on behalf of the PENTA 5 Executive Committee

Published: 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections February 10th – 14th, 2003 – Boston. Poster G1-12

Relationship between Cell-Associated HIV-1 DNA and Thymic Output in HIV-1 infected Children Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in the PENTA 5 Trial

2003

Authors: De Rossi A, Walker AS, De Forni D, Gibb DM on behalf of PENTA.

Published in: 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections February 10th – 14th, 2003 – Boston. Poster P-17

Adherence to Prescribed Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children in the PENTA 5 Trial

2003

Author: Gibb DM, Goodall RL, Giacomet V, McGee L, Compagnucci A, Lyall H. Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS Steering Committee.

Published in: Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22(1):56-62

Background Most studies of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in children have been retrospective or cross-sectional. Factors relating to the caregiver, the child and the medication are all considered to be important for good adherence.

Zidovudine (ZDV) appears to prevent selection of K65R and L74V, mutations normally selected by Abacavir (ABC) mono- or combination therapies not containing ZDV

2002

Authors: Ait-Khaled M, Lanier R, Richards N, Stone C, Griffin P, Gibb DM, Walker AS, Craig C, Loeliger E, Tisdale M

Published in: 2002 International Meeting of the Institute of Human Virology, September 9th-13th, 2002, Baltimore

Adherence to HAART in children: results from a questionnaire study of children in PENTA 5 trial

2002

Authors: Giacomet V, Gibb DM, Goodall R, McGee L, Walker AS, Giaquinto C.

Published in: XIV World AIDS Conference, 7th-12th July 2002, Barcelona, Spain. Poster TuPpB2050

96 week follow-up of the PENTA 5 trial; comparing ZDV+3TC, ZDV+ABC and 3TC+ABC with or without NFV in ART naive children

2002

Authors: Gibb DM, Walker AS, Giaquinto C, Harper L, Compagnucci A, Saidi Y, Aboulker JP, Babiker A, Debré M, Darbyshire JH on behalf of the PENTA 5 Steering Committee.

Published in: XIV World AIDS Conference, July 7th-12th 2002, Barcelona, Spain- Poster TuPpB2051

PENTA guidelines for the use of antiretroviral therapy in paediatric HIV infection.

2002

Authors: Sharland M, Castelli Gattinara G, Tomas Ramos J, Blanche S, Gibb DM for the PENTA Steering Committee.

Published in: HIV Med 2002; 3:215-226

Biphasic decay of cell-associated HIV-1 DNA in HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy

2002

Authors: De Rossi A, Walker AS, De Forni D, Gibb DM; Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA).

Published in: AIDS. 2002;16(14):1961-1963

Impact of HIV-1 subtypes on virologic response and emergence of drug resistance

2002

Authors: Pillay D, Walker AS, Gibb DM, De Rossi A, Kaye S, Ait-Khaled M, Muñoz-Fernandez M, Babiker A. for the PENTA Steering Committee.

Published in: J Infect Dis 2002; 186: 617-25

Abstract The association between virologic response and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype was investigated in 113 HIV-1-infected children randomly assigned to receive zidovudine plus lamivudine,

Evolution of antiretroviral phenotypic and genotypic drug resistance in antiretroviral naïve HIV-1 infected children treated with abacavir/lamivudine, zidovudine/lamivudine or abacavir/zidovudine, with or without nelfinavir (the PENTA 5 trial)

2002

Authors: Gibb DM, Walker AS, Kaye S, et al.

Published in: Antivir Ther. 2002;7(4):293-303

Purpose and Methods To describe the evolution of resistance to zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine (3TC), abacavir (ABC) and nelfinavir (NFV), 113 previously untreated children in the PENTA 5 trial had resistance assayed at baseline, rebound and/or 24, 48, 72 weeks (VIRCO: phenotyping and genotyping with ‘Virtual Phenotype’

Increased thymic output after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children in the Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 5 Trial

2002

Authors: De Rossi A, Walker AS, Klein N, De Forni D, King D, Gibb DM.

Published in: J Infect Dis 2002; 186:312-20

Abstract To investigate the thymic contribution to immune reconstitution during antiretroviral therapy (ART), T cell receptor gene rearrangement excision circles (TRECs) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and CD4 cells from 33 human immunodeficiencyvirus (HIV) type 1-infected children monitored for 96 weeks after ART initiation.

Comparison of dual nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor regimens with and without nelfinavir in children with HIV-1 who have not previously been treated: the PENTA 5 randomised trial

2002

Authors: Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA)

Published in: Lancet.2002;359(9308):733-740

Introduction Treatment options for children with HIV-1 are limited. We aimed to compare activity and safety of three dual-nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) regimens with or without a protease inhibitor in previously untreated children with HIV-1.

Methods In our multicentre trial,

Difficulties in achieving suppression of viral replication in vertically HIV-1 infected infants early treated with d4T+ddI+NFV : The PENTA 7 Study.

2002

Authors: Compagnucci A, Saidi Y, Chaix ML, et al.

Published in: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections February 24-28, 2002 – Seattle. Poster 809 – W.

TREC Response to Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-infected Children in the PENTA 5 Trial

2002

Authors: De Rossi A, Klein N, Walker AS, De Forni D, Babiker A, King D, Gibb DM for the PENTA Group.

Published in: 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 24th-28th , 2002 – Seattle. Poster 807-W.

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Publications

Effect of early antiretroviral therapy on the risk of AIDS/death in HIV infected infants: the European Infant Collaborative Study.

Effect of early antiretroviral therapy on the risk of AIDS/death in HIV-infected infants.

Treatment interruption in children with chronic HIV-infection: the results of the paediatric European network for treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 11 trial.

Plasma drug concentrations and virologic evaluations after stopping non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in HIV-1 infected children

A comparison of the rate of clinical disease progression in HIV-infected children and adults allowing for current CD4 cell count.

Marginal zone memory B-cell populations are irreversibly depleted in paediatric HIV infection.

Markers for predicting mortality in untreated HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings: a meta-analysis

Early versus deferred highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected infants: a European Collaborative Cohort Study.

Increasing Antiretroviral Drug Access for Children With HIV Infection.

Treatment interruption in children with HIV infection.

Does Early Treatment Provide Long Term Benefit in HIV-1 Infected Infants? Five Year Outcomes in Children Treated Before 3 Months of Age in the PENTA 7 Trial.

3TC+ABC maintains virological superiority over ZDV+3TC and ZDV+ABC beyond 5 years in children: the PENTA 5 trial

A comparison of the association of current CD4 cell count with the short-term risk of AIDS and death in HIV-infected children and adults.

Pharmacokinetic and virological evaluations after stopping NNRTIs in children: a substudy of the PENTA 11 (TICCH) trial

Considerations in the design of randomized controlled trials evaluating the optimal time to initiate antiretroviral therapy in previously untreated HIV-1 infected patients.

Predictive value of absolute CD4 cell count for disease progression in untreated HIV-1-infected children

Adherence and acceptability of once daily lamivudine and abacavir in HIV-1 infected children

A randomised controlled trial of genotypic HIV drug resistance testing in HIV-1 infected children: the PERA (PENTA 8)

Withdrawal of Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis in HIV-infected children under highly active antiretroviral therapy.

A randomised trial of resistance testing versus no resistance testing in children with virological failure: the PERA (PENTA 8) trial

Adherence and acceptability of once daily lamivudine and abacavir in HIV-1 infected children

Lower scores of Nelfinavir metabolite M8 were associated with virological failure vertically infected children in the PENTA 7study.

Use of total lymphocyte count for informing when to start antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children: a meta-analysis of longitudinal data.

Pharmacokinetics of once versus twice daily lamivudine and abacavir. Simplification of combination treatment in HIV-1 infected children (Penta 13)

Relationship between changes in thymic emigrants and cell-associated HIV-1 DNA in HIV-1 infected children initiating antiretroviral therapy

Choice of first-line ART regimen in PENPACT 1: a randomized trial of combination antiretroviral regimens and treatment switching strategies in antiretroviral naive children >30 days and <18 years of age.

Three year outcomes in children treated with HAART before 3 months of age in the PENTA 7 trial.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy started in infants under 3 months of age: 72-week follow-up for CD4 cell count, viral load and drug resistance outcome

PENTA guidelines for the use of antiretroviral therapy 2004

72-week follow-up of HAART started in infants aged less than 3 months: CD4, viral load and drug resistance outcomes in the PENTA 7 study

Maintaining the nelfinavir trough concentration above 0.8 mg/L improves virologic response in HIV-1-infected children

Effect of concurrent zidovudine use on the resistance pathway selected by abacavir-containing regimens

Pharmacokinetics (PK) of once daily versus twice daily Lamivudine and Abacavir in HIV-1 infected children: PENTA 13

Impact of NFV and its active metabolite M8 trough levels on virologic response from primary HIV-1 vertically infected children treated with d4T, ddI and NFV in the PENTA 7 study.

Short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1 infected children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy: estimates according to CD4 percent, viral load, and age.

Pharmacokinetics of Nelfinavir and its Active Metabolite, hydroxy-tert-butylamide, in Infants Perinatally Infected with HIV-1.

Three year follow-up of the PENTA 5 trial

Relationship between Cell-Associated HIV-1 DNA and Thymic Output in HIV-1 infected Children Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in the PENTA 5 Trial

Adherence to Prescribed Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children in the PENTA 5 Trial

Zidovudine (ZDV) appears to prevent selection of K65R and L74V, mutations normally selected by Abacavir (ABC) mono- or combination therapies not containing ZDV

Adherence to HAART in children: results from a questionnaire study of children in PENTA 5 trial

96 week follow-up of the PENTA 5 trial; comparing ZDV+3TC, ZDV+ABC and 3TC+ABC with or without NFV in ART naive children

PENTA guidelines for the use of antiretroviral therapy in paediatric HIV infection.

Biphasic decay of cell-associated HIV-1 DNA in HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy

Impact of HIV-1 subtypes on virologic response and emergence of drug resistance

Evolution of antiretroviral phenotypic and genotypic drug resistance in antiretroviral naïve HIV-1 infected children treated with abacavir/lamivudine, zidovudine/lamivudine or abacavir/zidovudine, with or without nelfinavir (the PENTA 5 trial)

Increased thymic output after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children in the Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 5 Trial

Comparison of dual nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitor regimens with and without nelfinavir in children with HIV-1 who have not previously been treated: the PENTA 5 randomised trial

Difficulties in achieving suppression of viral replication in vertically HIV-1 infected infants early treated with d4T+ddI+NFV : The PENTA 7 Study.

TREC Response to Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-infected Children in the PENTA 5 Trial