Publications

Plasma and CSF pharmacokinetics of meropenem in neonates and young infants : results from the NeoMero studies

2018

Authors: Germovesk E, Lutsar I, Kipepr K, et al.; for NeoMero Consortium

Published in: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018;73(7):1908-1916

Background Sepsis and bacterial meningitis are major causes of mortality and morbidity in neonates and infants. Meropenem a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is not licensed for use in neonates and infants below 3 months of age and sufficient information on its plasma and CSF disposition and dosing in neonates and infants is lacking.

Surveillance for control of antimicrobial resistance

2018

Authors: Tacconelli E, Sifakis F, Harbarth S, et al; for EPI-Net COMBACTE-MAGNET Group

Published in: Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(3):e99-e106.

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance poses a growing threat to public health and the provision of health care. Its surveillance should provide up-to-date and relevant information to monitor the appropriateness of therapy guidelines, antibiotic formulary, antibiotic stewardship programmes, public health interventions,

Effects of clinical pathway implementation on antibiotic prescription for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia

2018

Authors: Donà D, Zingarella S, Gastaldi A, et al.

Published in: PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0193581. 

Background Italian pediatric antimicrobial prescription rates are among the highest in Europe. As a first step in an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, we implemented a Clinical Pathway (CP) for Community Acquired Pneumonia with the aim of decreasing overall prescription of antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum.

Materials and Methods The CP was implemented on 10/01/2015.

Strategies for prevention of mother-to-child transmission adopted in the “real-world” setting: data from the italian register for HIV-1 infection in children.

2018

Authors: Chiappini E, Galli L, Lisi C, et al.

Published in: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018;79(1):54-61.

Background Strategies for prevention of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) have been continuously optimized. However, cases of vertical transmission continue to occur in high-income countries.

Objectives To investigate changes in PMTCT strategies adopted by Italian clinicians over time and to evaluate risk factors for transmission.

Effect of ready-to-use supplementary food on mortality in severely immunocompromised HIV-infected individuals in Africa initiating antiretroviral therapy (REALITY): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial

2018

Authors: Mallewa J, Szubert AJ, Mugyenyi P, et al.

Published in: Lancet HIV. 2018;5(5):e231-e240

Background In sub-Saharan Africa, severely immunocompromised HIV-infected individuals have a high risk of mortality during the first few months after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). We hypothesise that universally providing ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) would increase early weight gain, thereby reducing early mortality compared with current guidelines recommending ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) for severely malnourished individuals only.

Raltegravir-intensified initial antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV disease in Africa: a randomised controlled trial

2018

Authors: Kityo C, Szubert AJ, Siika A, et al.

Published in: PLoS Med. 2018; 15(12):e1002706

Background In sub-Saharan Africa, individuals infected with HIV who are severely immunocompromised have high mortality (about 10%) shortly after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). This group also has the greatest risk of morbidity and mortality associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS),

Causes and timing of mortality and morbidity among late presenters starting antiretroviral therapy in the REALITY trial

2018

Authors: Post FA, Szubert AJ, Prendergast AJ, et al; for Reduction of early mortality in HIV-infected adults and children starting an antiretroviral therapy (REALITY) trial team

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(2):S132-S139

Background In sub-Saharan Africa, 20%-25% of people starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) have severe immunosuppression; approximately 10% die within 3 months. In the Reduction of EArly mortaLITY (REALITY) randomized trial,

Late presentation with HIV in Africa: phenotypes, risk, and risk stratification in the REALITY Trial

2018

Authors: Siika A, McCabe L, Bwakura-Dangarembizi M, et al; for REALITY Trial Team

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(2):S140-S146

Background Severely immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals have high mortality shortly after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated predictors of early mortality and “late presenter” phenotypes.

Methods The Reduction of EArly MortaLITY (REALITY) trial enrolled ART-naive adults and children ≥5 years of age with CD4 counts <100 cells/μL initiating ART in Uganda,

Migrant women living with HIV in Europe: are they facing inequalities in the prevention of mother-to-child-transmission of HIV?: The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group in EuroCoord

2018

Authors: Favarato G, Bailey H, Burns F, et al.

Published in: Eur J Public Health. 2018;28(1):55-60

Background In pregnancy early interventions are recommended for prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. We examined whether pregnant women who live with HIV in Europe and are migrants encounter barriers in accessing HIV testing and care.
Methods Four cohorts within the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration provided data for pooled analysis of 11 795 pregnant women who delivered in 2002–12 across ten European countries.

Time to switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in children with HIV in Europe and Thailand

2018

Authors: European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) Study Group in EuroCoord.

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(4):594-603.

Background Global data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with HIV is limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand.

Methods Children <18-years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) plus non-NRTI (NNRTI) or boosted-protease inhibitor (PI)) were included.

What we know and what we don’t know about perinatal Zika virus infection: a systematic review

2018

Authors: Soriano-Arandes A, Rivero-Calle I, Nastouli E, et al.

Published in: Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2018;16(3):243-254

Introduction: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has caused the most challenging worldwide infectious epidemic outbreak in recent months. ZIKV causes microcephaly and other congenital malformations. There is a need to perform updated systematic reviews on ZIKV infection periodically because this epidemic is bringing up new evidence with extraordinary speed.

Report from the First EPIICAL General Assembly meeting, 9–11 November 2017, Rome, Italy

2018

Authors: Zangari P, Palma P, Cotugno N, et al.

Published in: J Virus Erad.2018;4: 51–54

Abstract: The first EPIICAL General Assembly meeting was held in an atmosphere of growing optimism. Many novel and exciting proposals for HIV research studies were discussed and are described above. The consortium aims to maintain this integrated developmental research on NDMTs,

Impact of time of ART initiation on HIV specific T cell functionality in perinatally infected young adults

2017

Authors: Rinaldi S, Cotugno N, Pallikkuth S, Palma P, Pahwa S; on behalf of the EPIICAL Consortium

Published: 8th Conference on HIV Persistence

Background Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in vertically HIV-infected children provides an opportunity to limit the size of reservoir, but whether and how the time of ART treatment initiation can durably impact host immune responses associated with HIV infection is still unknown.

Congenital Cytomegalovirus. A european expert consensus statement on diagnosis and management

2017

Authors: Luck SE, Wieringa JW, Blazquez-Gamero D, et al.

Published in: Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017;36(12):1205-1213

 

Safety of zidovudine/lamivudine scored tablets in children with HIV infection in Europe and Thailand.

2017

Authors: European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group in EuroCoord.

Published in: Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;73(4):463-468

Background Zidovudine (ZDV) has been associated with risk of haematological toxicity. Safety data from clinical trials is generally limited to 48 weeks. We assessed the short- and mid-term toxicity of ZDV/lamivudine (3TC) fixed-dose combination scored tablets in HIV-infected children followed in the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) network.

Qualitative study of the BREATHER trial (Short Cycle antiretroviral therapy): is it acceptable to young people living with HIV?

2017

Authors: Bernays S, Paparini S, Seeley J, Namukwaya Kihika S, Gibb D, Rhodes T.

Published in: BMJ Open. 2017;7(2):e012934

Objectives A qualitative study of the BREATHER (PENTA 16) randomised clinical trial, which compared virological control of Short Cycle Therapy (SCT) (5 days on: 2 days off) with continuous efavirenz (EFV)-based antiretroviral therapy (CT) in children and young people (aged 8–24) living with HIV with viral load <50 c/mL to examine adaptation,

“How Do We Start? And How Will They React?” Disclosing to Young People with Perinatally Acquired HIV in Uganda

2017

Authors: Namukwaya S, Paparini S, Seeley J, Bernays S.

Published in: Front Public Health. 2017;5:343.

Abstract: Despite great advances in pediatric HIV care, rates and the extent of full disclosure of HIV status to infected children remain low especially in resource-constrained setting. The World Health Organisation recommends that, by the age of 10-12 years old,

Enhanced prophylaxis plus antiretroviral therapy for advanced HIV infection in Africa

2017

Authors: Hakim J, Musiime V, Szubert AJ; REALITY Trial Team

Published in: N Engl J Med. 2017;377(3):233-245

Background In sub-Saharan Africa, among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the rate of death from infection (including tuberculosis and cryptococcus) shortly after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is approximately 10%.

Methods In this factorial open-label trial conducted in Uganda,

Zika genomics urgently need standardized and curated reference sequences

2017

Authors: Theys K, Libin P, Dallmeier K, et al.

Published in: PLoS Pathog. 2017;13(9):e1006528

In this letter, the authors address the need for curation and standardized annotation of ZIKV reference genomes in order to guide researchers and clinicians in genomic analyses and the translation of research findings.

Trends of microcephaly and severe arthrogryposis in three urban hospitals following the Zika, chikungunya and dengue fever epidemics of 2016 in Jamaica

2017

Authors: James-Powell T, Brown Y, Christie CDC, et al.

Published in: West Indian Med J, 2017; 66:10-19 

Introduction Jamaica experienced its maiden Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in 2016, while dengue (serotypes 3 and 4) and chikungunya were also circulating.
Aim We describe initial trends in microcephaly and arthrogryposis observed by the clinicians from three urban birthing facilities during late 2016 to early 2017.

Maternal Zika virus disease severity, virus load, prior dengue antibodies, and their relationship to birth outcomes

2017

Authors: Halai UA, Nielsen-Saines K, Moreira ME, et al.

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(6):877-883

Background Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) syndrome is a newly identified condition resulting from infection during pregnancy. We analyzed outcome data from a mother-infant cohort in Rio de Janeiro in order to assess whether clinical severity of maternal ZIKV infection was associated with maternal virus load,

Update on Zika – What you need to know

2017

Authors: Sáfadi MA, Nascimento-Carvalho CM

Published in: Pediatr Infect Dis J.2017;36(3):333-336

Abstract After remaining related to few sporadic cases in limited regions for more than half century since its discovery, Zika virus (ZIKV) was recently introduced into the Western Hemisphere, first in Brazil and then spreading very rapidly in the Americas. Unexpectedly, an increased incidence of microcephaly and other neurologic malformations in fetuses born to mothers infected with ZIKV during pregnancy was reported in Brazil,

Zika virus disrupts molecular fingerprinting of human neurospheres

2017

Authors: Garcez PP, Nascimento JM, de Vasconcelos JM, et al.

Published in: Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 23;7:40780

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated with microcephaly and other brain abnormalities; however, the molecular consequences of ZIKV to human brain development are still not fully understood. Here we describe alterations in human neurospheres derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells infected with the strain of Zika virus that is circulating in Brazil.

The clinically approved antiviral drug sofosbuvir inhibits Zika virus replication

2017

Authors: Sacramento CQ, de Melo GR, de Freitas CS, et al.

Published in: Sci Rep.2017 Jan 18;7: 40920

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family, along with other agents of clinical significance such as dengue (DENV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses. Since ZIKV causes neurological disorders during fetal development and in adulthood,

Persistent Zika virus detection in semen in a traveler returning to the United Kingdom from Brazil, 2016

2017

Authors: Gaskell KM, Houlihan C, Nastouli E, Checkly AM

Published in: Emerg Infect Dis.2017;23(1):137-139

Abstract Zika virus is normally transmitted by mosquitos, but cases of sexual transmission have been reported. We describe a patient with symptomatic Zika virus infection in whom the virus was detected in semen for 92 days. Our findings support recommendations for 6 months of barrier contraceptive use after symptomatic Zika virus infection.

Acute paralysis and neuro-inflammation in jamaican children during Zika virus and dengue epidemics of 2016

2017

Authors: Melbourne-Chambers R., Christie CD, Greenaway E., Bullock R

Published in: West Indian Med J.2016;65(3):425-430

Abstract Dengue, Chikungunya Fever (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are all transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and are currently circulating in Jamaica. Jamaica has been experiencing a ZIKV epidemic since February 2016. At the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI),

Coinfection with Zika and dengue-2 viruses in a traveler returning from Haiti, 2016: clinical presentation and genetic analysis

2017

Authors: Iovine NM, Lednicky J, Cherabuddi K,  et al.

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(1): 72–75.

Abstract Zika virus and dengue virus serotype 2 were isolated from a patient with travel to Haiti who developed fever, rash, arthralgias, and conjunctivitis. The infecting Zika virus was related to Venezuelan and Brazilian strains but evolved along a lineage originating from strains isolated in 2014 in the same region of Haiti.

Behavioral, climatic, and environmental risk factors for Zika and Chikungunya virus infections in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2015-16

2017

Authors: Fuller TL, Calvet G, Genaro Estevam C, et al.

Published in: PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0188002

Abstract: The burden of arboviruses in the Americas is high and may result in long-term sequelae with infants disabled by Zika virus infection (ZIKV) and arthritis caused by infection with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV).

Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Are All Countries Treating Children in the Same Way? A Literature Review

2017

Authors: Donà D, Luise D, Da Dalt L, Giaquinto C.

Published in: Int J Pediatr; 2017: 4239268. 

Abstract: Background. Pneumonia represents an important threat to children’s health in both developed and developing countries. In the last 10 years, many national and international guidelines on the treatment of pediatric CAP have been published,

Lowered Rilpivirine Exposure During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Women

2017

Authors: Schalkwijk S, Colbers A, Konopnicki D, et al.

Published in: Clin Infect Dis. 2017; 65(8):1335-1341.

Background The use of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy is important for control of maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission. Physiological changes during pregnancy can reduce antiretroviral exposure.

Higher rates of triple class virologic failure in perinatally HIV-infected teenagers compared to heterosexually infected young adults in Europe

2017

Authors: Judd A, Lodwick R, Noguera-Julian A, et al.. Pursuing Later Treatment Options II (PLATO II) Project Team for the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe (COHERE) in EuroCoord.

Published in: HIV Med. 2017;18(3):171-180

Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the time to, and risk factors for,

Meningo-encephalo-myelitis in children during the Zika virus epidemic in Grenada

2017

Authors: Nelson B, Melbourne-Chambers R, Christie CDC

Published in: West Indian Med J. Published Online: December 20, 2017

Abstract Zika Virus is neurotropic. We report two children from the Caribbean island of Grenada, a three-year-old with acute neuro-inflammation who had intractable seizures, meningo-encephalitis, CSF pleocytosis and Zika IgM positive acute serology and a four-year-old with acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis manifesting as generalized seizures,

Consequences of perinatal infections with rubella, measles, and mumps

2017

Authors: Schwarz ER

Published in: Curr Opin Virol. 2017;27:71-77

Abstract Measles, mumps, and rubella have recently taken the stage as re-emerging diseases of public health importance-particularly in regards to the consequences seen with perinatal infections. Effective vaccination strategies have successfully reduced the spread of measles, mumps, and rubella in the United States, but a current trend of increased vaccination hesitancy,

Neurologic complications associated with the Zika virus in brazilian adults

2017

Authors: da Silva IRF, Frontera JA, Bispo de Filippis AM, Nascimento OJMD

Published in: JAMA Neurol.2017;74(10):1190-1198

Importance  There are no prospective cohort studies assessing the incidence and spectrum of neurologic manifestations secondary to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in adults.

Objective  To evaluate the rates of acute ZIKV infection among patients hospitalized with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS),

Rapid antigen tests for dengue virus serotypes and Zika virus in patient serum

2017

Authors: Bosch I, de Puig H, Hiley M, et al.

Published in: Sci Transl Med. 2017 Sep 27;9(409)

Abstract The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak demonstrates that cost-effective clinical diagnostics are urgently needed to detect and distinguish viral infections to improve patient care. Unlike dengue virus (DENV), ZIKV infections during pregnancy correlate with severe birth defects,

Structural investigation of C6/36 and Vero cell cultures infected with a Brazilian Zika virus

2017

Authors: Barreto-Vieira DF, Jacome FC, da Silva MAN, et al.

Published in: PLoS One. 2017;12(9):e0184397

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the flavivirus genus, and its genome is approximately 10.8 kilobases of positive-strand RNA enclosed in a capsid and surrounded by a membrane. Studies on the replication dynamics of ZIKV are scarce,

Antibody-based assay discriminates Zika virus infection from other flaviviruses

2017

Authors: Balmaseda A, Stettler K, Medialdea-Carrera R, et al.

Published in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(31):8384-8389

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged recently as a global health threat, causing a pandemic in the Americas. ZIKV infection mostly causes mild disease, but is linked to devastating congenital birth defects and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults.

Accuracy of Zika virus disease case definition during simultaneous Dengue and Chikungunya epidemics

2017

Authors: Braga JU, Bressan C, Dalvi APR, et al.

Published in: PLoS One.2017;12(6):e0179725. 

Background Zika is a new disease in the American continent and its surveillance is of utmost importance, especially because of its ability to cause neurological manifestations as Guillain-Barrésyndrome and serious congenital malformations through vertical transmission. The detection of suspected cases by the surveillance system depends on the case definition adopted.

Zika virus infection–associated acute transient polyneuritis

2017

Authors: Nascimento OJM, Frontera JA, Amitrano DA, Bispo de Filippis AM, Da Silva IRF; RIO-GBS-ZIKV Research Group

Published in: Neurology 2017;88(24):2330-2332

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated with various neurologic complications in adults, including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), transverse myelitis, meningoencephalitis, and ophthalmologic manifestations. Though some of these syndromes may be due to a postinfectious (molecular mimicry) mechanism,

Factors associated with time to virological response in children with perinatal HIV in Europe and Thailand initiating antiretroviral theraphy (ART) very early in infancy

2017

Authors: Palma P, Chan M, Goodall R, Judd A, Gibb D, Babiker A, Rojo P.

Published: 35th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases (ESPID), May 23rd-27th May, 2017, Madrid

Background A major obstacle to curing HIV infection is persistence of virus as integrated proviral DNA in long-lived cells even after many years on ART.

B-cell responses in early treated long term viral suppressed seroneg HIV infected children

2017

Authors: Palma P, Zangari P, Cotugno N, Rocca S, Nastouli E, McCoy LE, Ferns RB, Pahwa S, Rossi P

Published: 24th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 13th – 16th, 2017, Seattle. P_1975.

Background It is still unknown whether the paucity of HIV-specific immune responses in early-treated (treated within 6 months of age; ET) HIV-infected children may represent a limitation or an advantage in the perspective of immune therapeutic studies.

Substantially lower rilpivirine plasma concentrations during pregnancy

2017

Authors: Colbers A, Schalkwijk S, Konopnicki D, Gingelmaier A, Lambert J, van der Ende I, Moltó J, Burger D.

Published: 24th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 13th – 16th, 2017 – Seattle. Abstract number 754.

“Not Taking it Will Just be Like a Sin”: Young People Living with HIV and the Stigmatization of Less-Than-Perfect Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy

2017

Authors: Bernays S, Paparini S, Seeley J, Rhodes T.

Published in: Med Anthropol. 2017;36(5):485-499.

Abstract: Global health priorities are being set to address questions on adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy in adolescence. Few studies have explored young people’s perspectives on the complex host of social and relational challenges they face in dealing with their treatment in secret and their condition in silence.

Optimal timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation in HIV-positive children and adolescents – a multiregion analysis from Southern Africa, West Africa, and Europe

2017

Authors: Schomaker M, Leroy V, Wolfs T, et al. On behalf of theIeDEA West and Southern Africa regional collaborations and COHERE in EuroCoord.

Published in: Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(2):453-465.

Background: There is limited knowledge about the optimal timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation in older children and adolescents.

Methods: A total of 20 576 antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve patients,

Chronic Hepatites C in children in the Russian federation: a multicenter study

2017

Authors: Volynets G, Skyortsowa TA, Ptapov AS, et al.

Published in: EASL, 19th – 23rd April 2017, Amsterdam

 

Co-infection with HIV and HCV in 229 children and young adults living in Europe

2017

Authors: Thorne C, Turkova A, Indolfi G, Venturini E, Giaquinto C

Published in: AIDS. 2017;31(1):127-135.

Objective To characterize children, adolescents and young adults infected with HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) vertically or before age of 18 years and living in Europe regarding mode of acquisition, HCV genotype, clinical status and treatment.

Design Retrospective,

Hepatitis C Co-Infection and CD4+ T Cell Recovery in HIV-Infected Children Receiving Anti-Retroviral Therapy.

2017

Authors: Majekodunmi AO, Thorne C, Malyuta R, et al.

Published in: Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017;36(5):e123-e129

Background The effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection on CD4 T cell recovery in treated HIV-infected children is poorly understood.

Objective To compare CD4 T cell recovery in HIV/HCV coinfected children with recovery in HIV monoinfected children.

The Challenge of Treating Children with Hepatitis C Virus Infection

2017

Authors: Indolfi G, Thorne C, El-Sayed MH, Giaquinto C, Gonzalez-Peralta RP.

Published in: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;64(6):851-854

Abstract The development of oral hepatitis C virus (HCV) direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized the therapeutic field. Nowadays, multiple safe and highly effective antiviral regimens are commercially available to treat adults with hepatitis C infection.

Modelling CD4 T Cell Recovery in Hepatitis C and HIV Co-infected Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

2017

Authors: Adedeji O Majekodunmi, Claire Thorne, Ruslan Malyuta, Alla Volokha, Robin E Callard, Nigel J Klein, Joanna Lewis, European Paediatric HIV/HCV Co-infection Study group in the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration and the Ukraine Paediatric HIV Cohort Study in EuroCoord

Published in: Pediatr Infect Dis J.

Physiologically Based Modelling of Darunavir/Ritonavir Pharmacokinetics During Pregnancy

2016

Authors: Colbers A, Best B, Schalkwijk S, et al. PANNA Network and the IMPAACT 1026 Study Team.

Published in: Clin Pharmacokinet. 2016;55(3):381-96

Abstract Pregnant women are usually excluded from clinical trials. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling may provide a method to predict pharmacokinetics in pregnant women, without the need to perform extensive in vivo clinical trials.

1234567891011